RT_BUILD: An expert programmer for implementing and simulating Ada real-time control software

The RT BUILD is an expert control system programmer that creates real-time Ada code from block-diagram descriptions of control systems. Since RT BUILD embodies substantial knowledge about the implementation of real-time control systems, it can perform many, if not most of the functions normally performed by human real-time programmers. Though much basic research was done in automatic programming, RT BUILD appears to be the first application of this research to an important problem in flight control system development. In particular, RT BUILD was designed to directly increase productivity and reliability for control implementations of large complex systems

Large-amplitude chirped coherent phonons in tellurium mediated by ultrafast photoexcited carrier diffusion

We report femtosecond time-resolved reflectivity measurements of coherent phonons in tellurium performed over a wide range of temperatures (3K to 296K) and pump laser intensities. A totally symmetric A$_{1}$ coherent phonon at 3.6 THz responsible for the oscillations in the reflectivity data is observed to be strongly positively chirped (i.e, phonon time period decreases at longer pump-probe delay times) with increasing photoexcited carrier density, more so at lower temperatures. We show for the first time that the temperature dependence of the coherent phonon frequency is anomalous (i.e, increasing with increasing temperature) at high photoexcited carrier density due to electron-phonon interaction. At the highest photoexcited carrier density of $\sim$ 1.4 $\times$ 10$^{21}$cm$^{-3}$ and the sample temperature of 3K, the lattice displacement of the coherent phonon mode is estimated to be as high as $\sim$ 0.24 \AA. Numerical simulations based on coupled effects of optical absorption and carrier diffusion reveal that the diffusion of carriers dominates the non-oscillatory electronic part of the time-resolved reflectivity. Finally, using the pump-probe experiments at low carrier density of 6 $\times$ 10$^{18}$ cm$^{-3}$, we separate the phonon anharmonicity to obtain the electron-phonon coupling contribution to the phonon frequency and linewidth.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PR

Analysis and Survey of FPGA Based PROFIBUS Board

Fieldbus system has been established as a communication network, used to connect field devices such as sensors, transduser,controller,man machine interface.Currently a large number of global fieldbus standards are available for consumers.Citation of different types of field bus present an analytical review of various fieldbus systemthat how to gather the data from various equipment distributed far away from each other in the field with reduced wiring and cabling requirement, those are the basic components of communication system. This work also discuss about FPGA based PROFIBUS communication board. It proposes the alternative solution to complexity of communication system and devise it more reliable, high integral and transmission efficient

Initiation of Psychotropic Medication after Partner Bereavement: A Matched Cohort Study

Background Recent changes to diagnostic criteria for depression in DSM-5 remove the bereavement exclusion, allowing earlier diagnosis following bereavement. Evaluation of the potential effect of this change requires an understanding of existing psychotropic medication prescribing by non-specialists after bereavement. Aims To describe initiation of psychotropic medication in the first year after partner bereavement. Methods In a UK primary care database, we identified 21,122 individuals aged 60 and over with partner bereavement and no psychotropic drug use in the previous year. Prescribing (anxiolytic/hypnotic, antidepressant, antipsychotic) after bereavement was compared to age, sex and practice matched controls. Results The risks of receiving a new psychotropic prescription within two and twelve months of bereavement were 9.5% (95% CI 9.1 to 9.9%) and 17.9% (17.3 to 18.4%) respectively; an excess risk of initiation in the first year of 12.4% compared to non-bereaved controls. Anxiolytic/hypnotic and antidepressant initiation rates were highest in the first two months. In this period, the hazard ratio for initiation of anxiolytics/hypnotics was 16.7 (95% CI 14.7 to 18.9) and for antidepressants was 5.6 (4.7 to 6.7) compared to non-bereaved controls. 13.3% of those started on anxiolytics/hypnotics within two months continued to receive this drug class at one year. The marked variation in background family practice prescribing of anxiolytics/hypnotics was the strongest determinant of their initiation in the first two months after bereavement. Conclusion Almost one in five older people received a new psychotropic drug prescription in the year after bereavement. The early increase and trend in antidepressant use after bereavement suggests some clinicians did not adhere to the bereavement exclusion, with implications for its recent removal in DSM-5. Family practice variation in use of anxiolytics/hypnotics suggests uncertainty over their role in bereavement with the potential for inappropriate long term use

Health characteristics and consultation patterns of people with intellectual disability: a cross-sectional database study in English general practice.

BACKGROUND: People with intellectual disability (ID) are a group with high levels of healthcare needs; however, comprehensive information on these needs and service use is very limited. AIM: To describe chronic disease, comorbidity, disability, and general practice use among people with ID compared with the general population. DESIGN AND SETTING: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of a primary care database including 408 English general practices in 2012. METHOD: A total of 14 751 adults with ID, aged 18-84 years, were compared with 86 221 age-, sex- and practice-matched controls. Depending on the outcome, prevalence (PR), risk (RR), or odds (OR) ratios comparing patients with ID with matched controls are shown. RESULTS: Patients with ID had a markedly higher prevalence of recorded epilepsy (18.5%, PR 25.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 23.29 to 27.57), severe mental illness (8.6%, PR 9.10, 95% CI = 8.34 to 9.92), and dementia (1.1%, PR 7.52, 95% CI = 5.95 to 9.49), as well as moderately increased rates of hypothyroidism and heart failure (PR>2.0). However, recorded prevalence of ischaemic heart disease and cancer was approximately 30% lower than the general population. The average annual number of primary care consultations was 6.29 for patients with ID, compared with 3.89 for matched controls. Patients with ID were less likely to have longer doctor consultations (OR 0.73, 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.77), and had lower continuity of care with the same doctor (OR 0.77, 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.82). CONCLUSION: Compared with the general population, people with ID have generally higher overall levels of chronic disease and greater primary care use. Ensuring access to high-quality chronic disease management, especially for epilepsy and mental illness, will help address these greater healthcare needs. Continuity of care and longer appointment times are important potential improvements in primary care

Mortality Among Adults With Intellectual Disability in England: Comparisons With the General Population.

OBJECTIVES: To describe mortality among adults with intellectual disability in England in comparison with the general population. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study from 2009 to 2013 using data from 343 general practices. Adults with intellectual disability (n = 16 666; 656 deaths) were compared with age-, gender-, and practice-matched controls (n = 113 562; 1358 deaths). RESULTS: Adults with intellectual disability had higher mortality rates than controls (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.3, 3.9). This risk remained high after adjustment for comorbidity, smoking, and deprivation (HR = 3.1; 95% CI = 2.7, 3.4); it was even higher among adults with intellectual disability and Down syndrome or epilepsy. A total of 37.0% of all deaths among adults with intellectual disability were classified as being amenable to health care intervention, compared with 22.5% in the general population (HR = 5.9; 95% CI = 5.1, 6.8). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality among adults with intellectual disability is markedly elevated in comparison with the general population, with more than a third of deaths potentially amenable to health care interventions. This mortality disparity suggests the need to improve access to, and quality of, health care among people with intellectual disability. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 16, 2016: e1-e8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303240)

Statistical process control for high precision deep drawn sheet metal parts

In today\u27s world, industrial expertise has come to be judged in terms of the quality of the product. Good quality has become the ultimate aim in a manufacturing environment, which leads to many innovations for ease in the inspection of parts. In considering a metal working company like Hudson Tool & Die Company, a study of the various operations and the application of Statistical Process Control to the forming operations is performed using STORM software. Important characteristics have been carefully studied with regards to metal forming like uniform metal thickness, radius of the bend, depth of the drawing operation. In-depth analysis was performed on the pattern, and the cause of the variations. Various control charts such as average chart, range chart and p chart were obtained and different processes were studied. Computer aided quality control is fast becoming a standard in the manufacturing world. Non-contact gaging, coordinate measuring machines, and automatic conversion of the data into useful information are noteworthy and hence have been mentioned

EVALUATE THE ANTIFERTILITY POTENTIAL OF FICUS RACEMOSA LINN BARK IN FEMALE WISTAR RATS

Objective: The present study was formulated in order to Evaluate the Antifertility Potential of Ficus Racemosa Linn on Female Wistar Rats.Methods: Effects of Ficus Racemosa bark extract was studied on physicochemical parameters, successive solvent extraction and phytochemical screening and antifertility activity. After acute oral toxicity study, antifertility activity in proven fertile female Wistar Rats at the doses 500mg/kg b.wt./day for 30 days. Effects on dimensions of Reproductive outcome, Anti-implantation, Abortifacient, Estrogenic and Antiestrogenic activity were observed.Results: Phytochemical studies of Ficus Racemosa bark shown positive test for Alkaloids, Steroid, Flavonoids, Terpene, Carbohydrates and Tannin. The extract of Ficus Racemosa has anti-fertility effect the control rats showed good number of litters. Treatment of animal with different extracts, resulted a significant (P< 0.05, P< 0.01). antifertility activity (56.5% and 40.3%) was exhibited by AFR and WFR respectively. After 21 days of the extracts free period, the antifertility effect of the extracts was reversed. The extract treatments with AFR, an increase in the resorption index (%) by the extract is an indication of failure in the development of the embryo. The mean percentage of anti-implantation and percent resorption (abortifacient) were found to be highest for AFR-41.21%, WFR 28.07, and AFR-32.56%, WFR-20.76% respectively. The decrement in implantation caused by the extracts may be due to estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activity. However, along with standard AFR exhibiting more potent estrogenic and less potent anti-estrogenic when compared with standard.Conclusion: The above results revealed the potential, reversible Female antifertility effect of alcoholic extract F. Racemosa bark.Â