Additional file 2 of Examining socioeconomic status disparities in facility-based childbirth in Kenya: role of perceived need, accessibility, and quality of care

Supplementary Material

Estimates of potential new infections vary by analytic strategy and detail of data.

<p>Sexual behavior reported by this cohort could potentially contribute to as many as 227 infections in a year (I). Using the partnership rather than the individual as the unit of analysis and fully utilizing most of the exposure data, we estimate that as few as 4.2 new cases might occur (IV). The sexual choices of these HIV-positive individuals reduced potential new infections by 98.1%—a finding that would be missed in some analyses.</p

A network “sexiogram” differentiates sexual linkages that may or may not have caused new infections.

<p>The individuals represented by the labels A–B and C–D were couples enrolled in the study. The other nodes are sexual partners described by the enrollees. The partnerships were not necessarily concurrent and included all those reported during the 3 months before A's enrollment and those of D, who enrolled 6 months later. Thus, the partnerships spanned a 9-month interval altogether. In some analyses, all partnerships of these HIV-positive individuals known to practice UAI would be counted as potential transmission linkages. This diagram illustrates the preponderance of low-risk partnerships (solid lines) compared with potential transmission linkages (broken lines).</p

General estimating equation models predicting UAI in partnerships.

<p>The HIV-positive status of partner was a strong predictor of sexual practices in partnerships and for individual episodes of intercourse; partners of unknown status were not treated very differently from HIV-negative partners. The analysis also revealed strategic positioning by showing that positive participants were several times more likely to practice insertive rather than receptive UAI in serodiscordant partnerships. ^A HIV-negative partners are the reference group in all cases. ^B Designates the sexual position of the HIV-positive participant.</p

Sexual behavior by risk of HIV transmission and serostatus of partner.

<p>Sexual partnerships and episodes of intercourse reported by 168 seropositive individuals during the last 3 months reveal strong patterns of seroadaptation: Partnerships involving unprotected intercourse are predominantly seroconcordant, and 88.6% of all unprotected intercourse occurred with seropositive partners.</p

Additional file 1 of Examining socioeconomic status disparities in facility-based childbirth in Kenya: role of perceived need, accessibility, and quality of care

Supplementary Material

Baseline demographic characteristics and recent injecting behaviors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) negative young injection drug users in San Francisco with ≥1 injecting partner (N = 448).

Baseline demographic characteristics and recent injecting behaviors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) negative young injection drug users in San Francisco with ≥1 injecting partner (N = 448).</p

Multivariable models of HCV incidence by injection partner mixing: Age and HCV serostatus and select characteristics in young adult PWID; n = 448^*.

Multivariable models of HCV incidence by injection partner mixing: Age and HCV serostatus and select characteristics in young adult PWID; n = 448*.</p

HCV incidence per 100/person years observation (and 95% Confidence Interval) among young people who inject drugs by injecting age and HCV serostatus partner group.

HCV incidence per 100/person years observation (and 95% Confidence Interval) among young people who inject drugs by injecting age and HCV serostatus partner group.</p

Injecting partnership characteristics^* and bivariate associations with HCV incidence.

Injecting partnership characteristics* and bivariate associations with HCV incidence.</p