MRSA infections detected during the ICU stay.

<p><b>NOTE</b>. MRSA, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.</p

Risk factors for MRSA colonization in 282 patients.

<p><b>NOTE</b>. MRSA, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.</p

Univariate and Multivariate analyses for risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with MRSA bacteremia.

<p><b>NOTE</b>. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SCC<i>mec</i> IV/IVa MRSA, MRSA possessing SCC<i>mec</i> type IV or IVa; hetero-VISA, hetero-vancomycin-intermediate <i>S. aureus</i>; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration.</p>a<p>Continuous variables are expressed as means (±SD).</p>b<p>Statistically significant (<i>P</i>≤0.05).</p

Sensitivity of MRSA surveillance culture for each anatomical site.

<p><b>A.</b> Sensitivity of MRSA surveillance culture by collection time. White bars: sensitivity at the time of admission; black bars: sensitivity of cultures collected during the ICU stay. <b>B.</b> Sensitivity of MRSA surveillance culture according to intubation. White bars: intubated patients; black bars: non-intubated patients.</p

Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of MRSA surveillance culture by anatomical site.

<p>NOTE. MRSA, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.</p><p>a; Nasal + trachea/throat + rectum + skin.</p

MRSA surveillance cultures as a predictor of MRSA infection by anatomical site.

<p><b>A.</b> ROC curve of MRSA surveillance as a predictor of overall MRSA infection. AUC: nasal cultures, 0.648 (95% CI, 0.590-0.704); trachea/throat cultures, 0.675 (95% CI, 0.617-0.729); all 4 sites, 0.706 (95% CI, 0.649-0.759) (<i>P</i>>0.05). <b>B.</b> ROC curve of MRSA surveillance as a predictor of MRSA pneumonia. AUC: nasal cultures, 0.649 (95% CI, 0.590-0.705); trachea/throat cultures, 0.791 (95% CI, 0.739-0.837); all 4 sites, 0.748 (95% CI, 0.693-0.797).</p

Clinical features of 307 patients with SCC<i>mec</i> IV/IVa MRSAB or SCC<i>mec</i> I–III MRSAB.

<p><b>NOTE</b>. SCC<i>mec</i> IV/IVa MRSAB, bacteremia caused by MRSA possessing SCC<i>mec</i> type IV or IVa; SCC<i>mec</i> I–III MRSAB, bacteremia caused by MRSA possessing SCC<i>mec</i> types I–III; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation.</p>a<p>Continuous variables are expressed as means (±SD).</p>b<p>Statistically significant (<i>P</i>≤0.05).</p>c<p>Expressed as number of deaths/number of patients followed up (%).</p

Adjusted 30-day crude and 30-day <i>S. aureus</i>-related mortalities in patients with SCC<i>mec</i> IV/IVa MRSAB or SCC<i>mec</i> I–III MRSAB.

<p>A. Adjusted 30-day mortalities in patients with SCC<i>mec</i> IV/IVa MRSAB or SCC<i>mec</i> I–III MRSAB by multivariate Cox-regression survival analysis. B. Adjusted 30-day <i>S. aureus</i>-related mortalities in patients with SCC<i>mec</i> IV/IVa MRSAB or SCC<i>mec</i> I–III MRSAB by multivariate Cox-regression survival analysis. NOTE. SCC<i>mec</i> IV/IVa MRSAB, bacteremia caused by MRSA possessing SCC<i>mec</i> type IV or IVa; SCC<i>mec</i> type I–III MRSAB, bacteremia caused by MRSA possessing SCC<i>mec</i> types I–III.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curves of propensity-score-matched patients treated with a TGC plus doxycycline or TGC plus ciprofloxacin.

There was no significant difference in survival between the two groups by the log-rank test (P = 0.46).</p

Predictors of Viral Pneumonia in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

<div><p>Background</p><p>Viruses are increasingly recognized as major causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Few studies have investigated the clinical predictors of viral pneumonia, and the results have been inconsistent. In this study, the clinical predictors of viral pneumonia were investigated in terms of their utility as indicators for viral pneumonia in patients with CAP.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Adult patients (≥18 years old) with CAP, tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for respiratory virus, at two teaching hospitals between October 2010 and May 2013, were identified retrospectively. Demographic and clinical data were collected by reviewing the hospital electronic medical records.</p><p>Results</p><p>During the study period, 456 patients with CAP were identified who met the definition, and 327 (72%) patients were tested using the respiratory virus PCR detection test. Viral pneumonia (n = 60) was associated with rhinorrhea, a higher lymphocyte fraction in the white blood cells, lower serum creatinine and ground-glass opacity (GGO) in radiology results, compared to non-viral pneumonia (n = 250) (p<0.05, each). In a multivariate analysis, rhinorrhea (Odd ratio (OR) 3.52; 95% Confidence interval (CI), 1.58–7.87) and GGO (OR 4.68; 95% CI, 2.48–8.89) were revealed as independent risk factors for viral pneumonia in patients with CAP. The sensitivity, specificity, positive- and negative-predictive values (PPV and NPV) of rhinorrhea were 22, 91, 36 and 83%: the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of GGO were and 43, 84, 40 and 86%, respectively.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Symptom of rhinorrhea and GGO predicted viral pneumonia in patients with CAP. The high specificity of rhinorrhea and GGO suggested that these could be useful indicators for empirical antiviral therapy.</p></div