An Optimised and Efficient Routing Protocol Application for IoV: A Review

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless network without a centralised administrator, where each node acts as a router forwarding data packets to other nodes. The study compares the performance of three routing protocols (AODV, OLSR, and DSDV) using the NS2 simulator under various mobility models. The proposed work introduces a modified protocol, MAODV, which combines the features of AODV protocols to optimise energy consumption, minimise transmissions, and find an optimum path for data transmission. The proposed method is compared with the standard AODV protocol. It shows better average throughput and packet delivery ratio results in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) scenario

Comparing Abstractive Summaries Generated by ChatGPT to Real Summaries Through Blinded Reviewers and Text Classification Algorithms

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gathered significant attention due to their impressive performance on a variety of tasks. ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, is a recent addition to the family of language models and is being called a disruptive technology by a few, owing to its human-like text-generation capabilities. Although, many anecdotal examples across the internet have evaluated ChatGPT's strength and weakness, only a few systematic research studies exist. To contribute to the body of literature of systematic research on ChatGPT, we evaluate the performance of ChatGPT on Abstractive Summarization by the means of automated metrics and blinded human reviewers. We also build automatic text classifiers to detect ChatGPT generated summaries. We found that while text classification algorithms can distinguish between real and generated summaries, humans are unable to distinguish between real summaries and those produced by ChatGPT

Hand Gesture Recognition using Python

The goal for the project was to develop a new type of Human Computer Interaction system that subdues the problems that users have been facing with the current system. The project is implemented on a Linux system but could be implemented on a windows system by downloading some modules for python. The algorithm applied is resistant to change in background image as it is not based on background image subtraction and is not programmed for a specific hand type; the algorithm used can process different hand types, recognizes no of fingers, and can carry out tasks as per requirement. As it is stated within this paper, the main goals were reached. The application is capable of the gesture recognition in real-time. There are some limitations, which we still have to be overcome in future

An Empirical Study of Topic Transition in Dialogue

Transitioning between topics is a natural component of human-human dialog. Although topic transition has been studied in dialogue for decades, only a handful of corpora based studies have been performed to investigate the subtleties of topic transitions. Thus, this study annotates 215 conversations from the switchboard corpus and investigates how variables such as length, number of topic transitions, topic transitions share by participants and turns/topic are related. This work presents an empirical study on topic transition in switchboard corpus followed by modelling topic transition with a precision of 83% for in-domain(id) test set and 82% on 10 out-of-domain}(ood) test set. It is envisioned that this work will help in emulating human-human like topic transition in open-domain dialog systems.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 3 table

Prevalence of Ectoparasitic Infestation in Indian Major Carps During Winter at Different Blocks of South 24-Parganas District, West Bengal, India

The study was carried out to find the prevalence of ectoparasites in carp species specifically Indian Major Carps (IMC) during the post monsoon season (November’16 to March’17). Four groups of ectoparasites viz. myxozoan, ciliophoran, monogenean and crustacean were recorded from a total 500 number of  carp species like, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo calbasu collected from different ponds of selected blocks of South 24-Parganas district of West Bengal. The highest prevalence (64.8%) of infestation had been recorded by Myxozoans and the lowest was by Monogeneans (4.8%). The highest and lowest ectoparasitic prevalence in carp was observed in L. rohita (32.9%) and C. catla (27.3%). Beside these, lower temperature (Average 19.3oC), low pH (Average 6.9) and marginal level of dissolved oxygen (Average 6.0ppm) were also created an unfavorable condition for parasitic infestation during this season. At the end of this experiment it was concluded that disease occurrences due to ectoparasites was high in winter with some key factors like temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO)

ANALYTIAL STUDY OF CEMENT CONCRETE WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE

Use of recycled aggregate in concrete can be useful for environmental protection. Recycled aggregates are the materials for the future. The application of recycled aggregate has been started in a large number of construction projects of many European, American, Russian and Asian countries. Many countries are giving infrastructural laws relaxation for increasing the use of recycled aggregate. This paper reports the basic properties of recycled fine aggregate and recycled coarse aggregate & also compares these properties with natural aggregates. Basic changes in all aggregate properties are determined and their effects on concreting work are discussed at length. Similarly the properties of recycled aggregate concrete are also determined. Basic concrete properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, workability etc. are explained here for different combinations of recycled aggregate with natural aggregate. Codal guidelines of recycled aggregates concrete in various countries are stated here with their effects, on concreting work. In general, present status of recycled aggregate in India along with its future need and its successful utilization are discussed here

On the Role of Interface States in AlGaN/GaN Schottky Recessed Diodes: Physical Insights, Performance Tradeoff, and Engineering Guidelines

In this paper, the impact of donor and acceptor states at the Schottky interface of fully recessed AlGaN/GaN Schottky diode is physically modeled using device TCAD and detailed experiments. This allowed us to develop physical insights into recessed AlGaN/GaN diode's reverse breakdown, reverse leakage, and ON-state performance as a function of interface states and provided design guidelines to engineer fully recessed AlGaN/GaN Schottky diode for the maximum reverse breakdown and least reverse leakage without compromising its ON-state performance. It has been observed that donor states are responsible for high reverse leakage and reduced breakdown performance in Schottky diodes. On the other hand, the presence of acceptor states at the interface improves the diode leakage and breakdown voltage. Experiments involve a number of dry and wet surface treatments to: 1) validate computational findings and 2) find ways to cure or passivate donor states affected Schottky interface/recessed region. The introduction of acceptor traps at the Schottky interface has been proposed and experimentally verified using the Fluorine implant to cure donor state-affected Schottky interface, which improves the breakdown and reverse leakage characteristics significantly

Recent nanoengineered diagnostic and therapeutic advancements in management of Sepsis

COVID-19 acquired symptoms have affected the worldwide population and increased the load of Intensive care unit (ICU) patient admissions. A large number of patients admitted to ICU end with a deadly fate of mortality. A high mortality rate of patients was reported with hospital-acquired septic shock that leads to multiple organ failures and ultimately ends with death. The patients who overcome this septic shock suffer from morbidity that also affects their caretakers. To overcome these situations, scientists are exploring progressive theragnostic techniques with advanced techniques based on biosensors, biomarkers, biozymes, vesicles, and others. These advanced techniques pave the novel way for early detection of sepsis-associated symptoms and timely treatment with appropriate antibiotics and immunomodulators and prevent the undue effect on other parts of the body. There are other techniques like externally modulated electric-based devices working on the principle of piezoelectric mechanism that not only sense the endotoxin levels but also target them with a loaded antibiotic to neutralize the onset of inflammatory response. Recently researchers have developed a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) neutralizing cartridge that not only senses the LPS but also appropriately neutralizes with dual mechanistic insights of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory effects. This review will highlight recent developments in the new nanotechnology-based approaches for the diagnosis and therapeutics of sepsis that is responsible for the high number of deaths of patients suffering from this critical disease

Finite Element Analysis of Helical Gear

The gears mostly fail due tobending and surface stresses on gear tooth. This paper investigates the characteristics of a pair of helical gear system, bending stresses, in the gear mesh. Gear plays a major role in power transmission in mechanical systems. In this paperfinite element analysis has been performed to evaluate bending stresses in the root of gear tooth having involute profile. Parametric studies have been conducted by considering different helical angle and two different materials. In analytical method, the bending equation by AGMA (American gear manufacturers association) is used to calculate bending stress on gear.It is important to develop appropriate models of contact element and to get equivalent result using numerical approach and compare the result with standard AGMA stress. The variation of the bending stresses at the root of the teeth of helical gear with respect to different helix angle has been analyzed