Power of edge exclusion tests in graphical gaussian models

Asymptotic multivariate normal approximations to the joint distributions of edge exclusion test statistics for saturated graphical Gaussian models are derived. Non-signed and signed square-root versions of the likelihood ratio, Wald and score test statistics are considered. Non-central chi-squared approximations are also considered for the non-signed versions. These approximations are used to estimate the power of edge exclusion tests and an example is presented.<br/

Training young people through a school/enterprise partnership: a longitudinal study

This paper reports a longitudinal study of 58 students who undertook an engineering traineeship concurrent with their final two years of secondary school. The student experience was planned as a partnership arrangement between a manufacturing enterprise, a secondary school, and a post-secondary technical education institution. Results are discussed in terms of completion of studies, employment and career pathways, employment outcomes, and post-traineeship employment destinations. Both the quantitative and qualitative data indicate that participants have benefited significantly in each area investigated. The significance of the program in developing propositional, procedural, and dispositional workplace knowledge is also discussed.<br /

Estimation of pedigree errors in the UK dairy population using microsatellite markers and the impact on selection

The proportion of cows in the UK dairy herd whose sires were misidentified was estimated using DNA markers. Genetic marker genotypes were determined on 568 cows (from 168 milk samples and 400 hair samples) and 96 putative sires (from semen samples). The estimated pedigree error rate from the hair samples was 8.8%, and from the milk samples, 13.1%, giving an overall estimate of the error rate of 10%. This level of pedigree errors will have a relatively large impact on the efficiency of progeny testing and the accuracy of cow predicted breeding values. We predict a loss of response to selection of approximately 2 to 3% given this error rate

Material and Structural Aspects of Bone in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Bone fragility is a fundamental problem in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The mechanisms behind this fragility, however, are not yet well understood. Multiple factors appear to contribute to the increased fracture risk in OI. At the structural level, bone mass deficiency can result in increased stress levels within bones. The underlying mineral and collagen abnormalities that define OI are also believed to result in compromised material-level properties. The variability of collagen biochemical irregularities causing OI and the corresponding heterogeneity of disease severity result in abnormalities that are not easily generalized within the OI population. The aims of this chapter are to introduce basic mechanical notions pertaining to the strength of structures and materials, and to present a synthesis of existing literature regarding the mechanical properties of bones in OI

The choral music of Charles Villiers Stanford (1852-1924 and the press c.1875-1925

This detailed survey of Stanford's choral music is divided into two parts. Part One outlines those influences in the composer's family background and career path that encouraged him to produce so much music for choirs, both sacred and secular, and seeks to contextualise the British cultural environment in which he lived and worked. The sight-singing movement of the 1840s and the rapid spread of choral singing, the development of parish church choirs, choral societies and musical festivals, the slower improvement of musical standards in cathedrals and college chapels, and the growth of music publishing are each examined in turn, with frequent reference to Stanford himself. A complete chapter is devoted to the rapid expansion of the press and the steady evolution of musical journalism during the Victorian and Edwardian eras. Part Two contains a chronological examination of Stanford's choral output with particular emphasis on the reception of individual works by critics and the general public, making direct and extensive reference to critical articles in more than forty different newspapers and journals. From this evidence attempts are made to identify the most and least successful of the composer's choral works. A concluding chapter refers to the English Musical Renaissance and Stanford's recognised status as one of its chief protagonists, and also examines the concept of academicism (or 'cleverness') and its impact upon critical appraisal of the composer's works, especially from Shaw and his disciples. Three appendices provide statistical and factual information on Stanford's choral output, and include some material not previously available in published writings on the composer

Catalytic reactions on iron/cobalt and iron/nickel alloys

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D38986/82 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Sunderland Software City: The Impact of a Collaborative Project to Develop the Software Industry within the North East of England

This paper uses a case study approach to evaluate the impact of a collaborative initiative within the North East of England which sets out to grow and sustain a software industry, based on the strengths of regional players. The project Sunderland Software City has the ambitious aim of developing the people, the infrastructure and the business and enterprise culture to create and sustain a software industry. This paper focuses upon the impact of the project, and presents some lessons learned to date

Macroscopic Anisotropic Bone Material Properties in Children with Severe \u3cem\u3eOsteogenesis imperfecta\u3c/em\u3e

Children with severe osteogenesis imperfecta(OI) typically experience numerous fractures and progressive skeletal deformities over their lifetime. Recent studies proposed finite element models to assess fracture risk and guide clinicians in determining appropriate intervention in children with OI, but lack of appropriate material property inputs remains a challenge. This study aimed to characterize macroscopic anisotropic cortical bone material properties and investigate relationships with bone density measures in children with severe OI. Specimens were obtained from tibial or femoral shafts of nine children with severe OI and five controls. The specimens were cut into beams, characterized in bending, and imaged by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography. Longitudinal modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and bending strength were 32–65% lower in the OI group (p \u3c 0.001). Yield strain did not differ between groups (p ≥ 0.197). In both groups, modulus and strength were lower in the transverse direction (p ≤ 0.009), but anisotropy was less pronounced in the OI group. Intracortical vascular porosity was almost six times higher in the OI group (p \u3c 0.001), but no differences were observed in osteocyte lacunar porosity between the groups (p = 0.086). Volumetric bone mineral density was lower in the OI group (p \u3c 0.001), but volumetric tissue mineral density was not (p = 0.770). Longitudinal OI bone modulus and strength were correlated with volumetric bone mineral density (p ≤ 0.024) but not volumetric tissue mineral density (p ≥ 0.099). Results indicate that cortical bone in children with severe OI yields at the same strain as normal bone, and that their decreased bone material strength is associated with reduced volumetric bone mineral density. These results will enable the advancement of fracture risk assessment capability in children with severe OI