Data_Sheet_1_Factors associated with access to healthcare services for older adults with limited activities of daily living.docx

BackgroundLimited studies focused on the situation and related factors of access to healthcare services for older adults with limited activities of daily living (ADL) in China. This study explores factors associated with access to healthcare services of them based on Andersen's healthcare utilization model (namely, need, predisposing, and enabling dimensions).MethodsA total of 3,980 participants aged 65 years and older adults with limited ADL from the latest wave (2018) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were included. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors.ResultsFactors in enabling dimension were associated with access to healthcare services for older adults with limited ADL. Those who lived with better economic status (fair vs poor, OR = 2.98, P ConclusionAccess to healthcare services for older adults with ADL limitation was mainly related to the factors of economic status, affordability for daily life, and living regions in enabling dimension. Strategies focused on health insurance, healthcare system, barrier-free facilities, and social support were proposed to increase the access to healthcare services for participants, which could benefit their health.</p

A Map-Based Service Supporting Different Types of Geographic Knowledge for the Public

<div><p>The internet enables the rapid and easy creation, storage, and transfer of knowledge; however, services that transfer geographic knowledge and facilitate the public understanding of geographic knowledge are still underdeveloped to date. Existing online maps (or atlases) can support limited types of geographic knowledge. In this study, we propose a framework for map-based services to represent and transfer different types of geographic knowledge to the public. A map-based service provides tools to ensure the effective transfer of geographic knowledge. We discuss the types of geographic knowledge that should be represented and transferred to the public, and we propose guidelines and a method to represent various types of knowledge through a map-based service. To facilitate the effective transfer of geographic knowledge, tools such as auxiliary background knowledge and auxiliary map-reading tools are provided through interactions with maps. An experiment conducted to illustrate our idea and to evaluate the usefulness of the map-based service is described; the results demonstrate that the map-based service is useful for transferring different types of geographic knowledge.</p></div

Causal knowledge: one of the factors that affect the population distribution in China.

<p>Factors influencing population distribution: socio-economic—GDP (data year: 2013, data source: the China statistical Yearbook. <a href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2014/indexch.htm" target="_blank">http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2014/indexch.htm</a>).</p

Using SVG to render a map.

<p>Using SVG to render a map.</p

Work operator primitives [23].

<p>Work operator primitives [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0152881#pone.0152881.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>].</p

Results of two sample <i>t</i>-test on scores of two groups of participants.

<p>Results of two sample <i>t</i>-test on scores of two groups of participants.</p

Scores of the two groups.

<p>Scores of the two groups.</p

Relational knowledge: related geographic phenomena (data year: 2013, data source: the China statistical Yearbook. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2014/indexch.htm).

<p>Relational knowledge: related geographic phenomena (data year: 2013, data source: the China statistical Yearbook. <a href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2014/indexch.htm" target="_blank">http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2014/indexch.htm</a>).</p

Group statistics.

<p>Group statistics.</p

Structure of a map-based service.

<p>Structure of a map-based service.</p