Defoliation categories (I: Easy defoliation; II: Difficult defoliation; III: Intermediate defoliation) and their posteriori probability of sugarcane genotypes determined by HCA (hierarchical cluster analysis) and SDA (stepwise discriminant analysis).

<p>Defoliation categories (I: Easy defoliation; II: Difficult defoliation; III: Intermediate defoliation) and their posteriori probability of sugarcane genotypes determined by HCA (hierarchical cluster analysis) and SDA (stepwise discriminant analysis).</p

ANOVA analysis for the agronomic traits associated with sugarcane defoliation.

ANOVA analysis for the agronomic traits associated with sugarcane defoliation.</p

Descriptions and measurements of defoliation traits.

<p>Descriptions and measurements of defoliation traits.</p

Table_1_Strawberry Vein Banding Virus Movement Protein P1 Interacts With Light-Harvesting Complex II Type 1 Like of Fragaria vesca to Promote Viral Infection.DOCX

Chlorophyll a/b-binding protein of light-harvesting complex II type 1 like (LHC II-1L) is an essential component of photosynthesis, which mainly maintains the stability of the electron transport chain. However, how the LHC II-1L protein of Fragaria vesca (FvLHC II-1L) affects viral infection remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the movement protein P1 of strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV P1) interacted with FvLHC II-1L in vivo and in vitro by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull-down assays. SVBV P1 was co-localized with FvLHC II-1L at the edge of epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and FvLHC II-1L protein expression was upregulated in SVBV-infected F. vesca. We also found that FvLHC II-1L effectively promoted SVBV P1 to compensate for the intercellular movement of movement-deficient potato virus X (PVXΔP25) and the systemic movement of movement-deficient cucumber mosaic virus (CMVΔMP). Transient overexpression of FvLHC II-1L and inoculation of an infectious clone of SVBV showed that the course of SVBV infection in F. vesca was accelerated. Collectively, the results showed that SVBV P1 protein can interact with FvLHC II-1L protein, which in turn promotes F. vesca infection by SVBV.</p

Dendrogram and summary of the categories clustered by HCA based on the quantitative defoliation traits (LSR, ASR and DF) measured at the 6^th to 16^th leaf.

<p>Different capital letters showed significant differences at 0.01 levels.</p

Principal Components (PC) of the defoliation traits in sugarcane genotypes.

<p>Principal Components (PC) of the defoliation traits in sugarcane genotypes.</p

Additional file 1 of Genomic-wide identification and expression analysis of R2R3-MYB transcription factors related to flavonol biosynthesis in Morinda officinalis

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The phylogenetic tree, conserved motifs, and exon-intron structure of MoMYB proteins. Figure S2. Phylogenetic tree of R2R3-MYB proteins from M. officinalis, O. pumila, C. canephora and A. thaliana. Figure S3. The Cis-element analysis. Figure S4. RT-qPCR of the expression profile of MoMYB genes under hormonal treatments

Additional file 2 of Genomic-wide identification and expression analysis of R2R3-MYB transcription factors related to flavonol biosynthesis in Morinda officinalis

Additional file 2: Table S1. Detailed characteristics of the 97 M.officinalis R2R3-MYB proteins in this study. Table S2. Segmentally and tandemly duplicated R2R3-MYB gene pairs in M.officinalis. Table S3. Distribution of subfamily members of the phylogenetic tree of the R2R3-MYB protein from M. officinalis, O. pumila, C. canephora, and A. thaliana. TableS4. The syntenic MoR2R3-MYB gene pairs in A.thaliana, C.canephora, and O.pumila. Table S5. RNA-seq data of MoR2R3-MYB in this study. Table S6. The expression patterns of M.officinalis flavonol biosynthesis genes. Table S7. The level of flavonoid metabolites by Metabolome analysis. Table S8. Detailed data for Co-expression analysis of five MoMYB genes, flavonol biosynthesis genes, and flavonol metabolites in AR, TR, and SR samples. Table S9. Gene specific primers used in RT-qRCR

Image_1_Strawberry Vein Banding Virus Movement Protein P1 Interacts With Light-Harvesting Complex II Type 1 Like of Fragaria vesca to Promote Viral Infection.JPEG

Chlorophyll a/b-binding protein of light-harvesting complex II type 1 like (LHC II-1L) is an essential component of photosynthesis, which mainly maintains the stability of the electron transport chain. However, how the LHC II-1L protein of Fragaria vesca (FvLHC II-1L) affects viral infection remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the movement protein P1 of strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV P1) interacted with FvLHC II-1L in vivo and in vitro by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull-down assays. SVBV P1 was co-localized with FvLHC II-1L at the edge of epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and FvLHC II-1L protein expression was upregulated in SVBV-infected F. vesca. We also found that FvLHC II-1L effectively promoted SVBV P1 to compensate for the intercellular movement of movement-deficient potato virus X (PVXΔP25) and the systemic movement of movement-deficient cucumber mosaic virus (CMVΔMP). Transient overexpression of FvLHC II-1L and inoculation of an infectious clone of SVBV showed that the course of SVBV infection in F. vesca was accelerated. Collectively, the results showed that SVBV P1 protein can interact with FvLHC II-1L protein, which in turn promotes F. vesca infection by SVBV.</p

Table_1_Genome-Wide Identification of R2R3-MYB Transcription Factors: Discovery of a “Dual-Function” Regulator of Gypenoside and Flavonol Biosynthesis in Gynostemma pentaphyllum.XLSX

The R2R3-MYB gene family participates in several plant physiological processes, especially the regulation of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. However, little is known about the functions of R2R3-MYB genes in Gynostemma pentaphyllum (G. pentaphyllum), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that is an excellent source of gypenosides (a class of triterpenoid saponins) and flavonoids. In this study, a systematic genome-wide analysis of the R2R3-MYB gene family was performed using the recently sequenced G. pentaphyllum genome. In total, 87 R2R3-GpMYB genes were identified and subsequently divided into 32 subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis. The analysis was based on conserved exon–intron structures and motif compositions within the same subgroup. Collinearity analysis demonstrated that segmental duplication events were majorly responsible for the expansion of the R2R3-GpMYB gene family, and Ka/Ks analysis indicated that the majority of the duplicated R2R3-GpMYB genes underwent purifying selection. A combination of transcriptome analysis and quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed that Gynostemma pentaphyllum myeloblastosis 81 (GpMYB81) along with genes encoding gypenoside and flavonol biosynthetic enzymes exhibited similar expression patterns in different tissues and responses to methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Moreover, GpMYB81 could bind to the promoters of Gynostemma pentaphyllum farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 (GpFPS1) and Gynostemma pentaphyllum chalcone synthase (GpCHS), the key structural genes of gypenoside and flavonol biosynthesis, respectively, and activate their expression. Altogether, this study highlights a novel transcriptional regulatory mechanism that suggests that GpMYB81 acts as a “dual-function” regulator of gypenoside and flavonol biosynthesis in G. pentaphyllum.</p