Problematika Permohonan Grasi Menurut Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2002

According to executor attorney opinion, no time limit for application clemency, it wills be performing deep constraint on dead punishment execution. Execution of dead punishment also constraint by rule that allows criminal to propose the second clemency application. This constraint still is added by condition that second clemency application is two years of first clemency rejection. Meanwhile according to criminal lawyer reception, with no rule upon, constitute a advantage by criminal dead, since it can propose clemency without time limit for first clemency application and also second application, so execution could be delayed. At Yogyakarta court since year 2002 until now there is no criminal propose clemencies. It is caused, firstly, certain verdict type that could be requested for clemency, secondary by apply clemency cause dead sentence is no postpone except for dead verdict, thirdly most criminal on narcotic and drug abuse case was pleased with first grade verdict

Monometallic Lanthanoid Assembly Showing Ferromagnetism with a Curie Temperature of 11 K

We prepared a three-dimensional monometallic lanthanoid assembly, Na5[Ho(THB4−)2]·7H2O (THB = 1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxybenzene), that exhibits ferromagnetism with a Curie temperature of 11 K. Such a ferromagnetic ordering is due to the effective mediation of the magnetic interaction between Ho3+ ions by the THB4− ligand

Monometallic Lanthanoid Assembly Showing Ferromagnetism with a Curie Temperature of 11 K

We prepared a three-dimensional monometallic lanthanoid assembly, Na5[Ho(THB4−)2]·7H2O (THB = 1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxybenzene), that exhibits ferromagnetism with a Curie temperature of 11 K. Such a ferromagnetic ordering is due to the effective mediation of the magnetic interaction between Ho3+ ions by the THB4− ligand

Electrochemical Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photomagnetic Properties of a Three-Dimensional Cyano-Bridged Copper−Molybdenum Complex

A single crystal of CsI2CuII7[MoIV(CN)8]4·6H2O was electrochemically prepared on a Pt wire electrode with a constant potential of +500 mV vs Ag/AgCl electrode. X-ray single-crystal structural analysis showed that this compound consists of a three-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu−Mo bimetallic assembly with a tetragonal structure of I4/mmm. The coordination geometry of MoIV is bicapped trigonal prism, and that of CuII is five-coordinate of square pyramidal or four-coordinate of square planar. This compound was also prepared as a 0.2−3.0 μm thick film on a SnO2-coated glass in the same electrochemical manner. When the sample, which shows paramagnetism due to CuII (S = 1/2), was irradiated with 450−500 nm light at 5 K, spontaneous magnetization with a Curie temperature of 23 K was observed. This photoinduced change was recovered by a thermal treatment. In the infrared (IR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra after light irradiation, variations in the stretching IR peak of CN bridged to MoIV and the paramagnetic ESR peak of CuII were observed, respectively. The data indicate that this photomagnetism is caused by the electron transfer from MoIV to CuII and the ferromagnetic ordering between CuII (S = 1/2) and MoV (S = 1/2)

Near-Infrared Photoluminescence in Hexacyanido-Bridged Nd–Cr Layered Ferromagnet

Hexacyanidochromate­(III) anion is here explored as the building block for the construction of bimetallic 3d-4f coordination polymers that combine spin ordering and luminescence. We report the two-dimensional cyanido-bridged {[NdIII(pmmo)2­(H2O)3]­[CrIII(CN)6]} (1) layered framework obtained by the spontaneous crystallization from the aqueous solution of Nd3+, pyrimidine N-oxide (pmmo), and [CrIII(CN)6]3–. 1 crystallizes as light green plates in the orthorhombic Pbca space group and reveals a topology of a square grid built of nine-coordinated [NdIII(μ-NC)4­(H2O)3­(pmmo)2]− complexes of a nearly capped square antiprism geometry, and six-coordinated octahedral [CrIII(CN)6]3– moieties. Because of the presence of cyanide-mediated ferromagnetic coupling between paramagnetic NdIII (J = 9/2) and CrIII (S = 3/2) centers, 1 exhibits a long-range ferromagnetic ordering below Curie temperature of 2.8 K, with a tiny magnetization-field hysteresis loop detected at 1.8 K. Under the UV light irradiation, 1 shows the near-infrared fluorescence originated from the 4F3/2 → 4I9/2 (λmax = 895 nm) and 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 (λmax = 1060 nm) electronic transitions of NdIII. The near-infrared emission is realized through the energy transfer from [CrIII(CN)6]3– anions and pmmo ligands to NdIII centers which was possible due to the spectral overlap between the visible-light and near-infrared emission bands of CrIII and pmmo, and the absorption bands of NdIII. Thus, 1 can be considered as a novel type of bifunctional magneto-luminescent layered material taking advantage of the fruitful electronic and magnetic interplay between NdIII(pmmo) and [CrIII(CN)6]3– complexes

The Origin of Ferromagnetism in ε-Fe₂O₃ and ε-Ga_<i>x</i>Fe_2−<i>x</i>O₃ Nanomagnets

Up to date, the origin of ferromagnetism in ε-Fe2O3 and ε-GaxFe2−xO3 has been ambiguous. In this work, the origin can be well explained by using a molecular-field (MF) model with four nonequivalent Fe sites (A−D sites). The MF calculation demonstrates that ε-Fe2O3 is a Néel P-type ferrimagnet, which consists of positive sublattice magnetizations of MB and MC and negative ones of MA and MD. This magnetic ordering mechanism can be understood by the product of the number of exchange pathways (Zij) and the superexchange interaction constants (Jij). The calculated saturation magnetization vs. x plots in ε-GaxFe2−xO3 at 300 K have a maximum around x = 0.47, and the TC value monotonously decreases with increasing x. These magnetic properties are explained by the position of Ga replacement and weakness of the ZijJij values

Observation of Ferroelectricity in Paramagnetic Copper Octacyanomolybdate

We report the observation of ferroelectricity in a copper octacyanomolybdate-based paramagnet, Cu2[Mo(CN)8]·8H2O (CuII, S = 1/2; MoIV, S = 0). This compound has a freezing point for the fixation of hydrogen bonding at 150 K. Around this temperature, an enhancement in the ferroelectricity and an increase in the dielectric constant are observed. The ferroelectricity of this system is classified into amorphous ferroelectrics; i.e., the electric poling effect induces an electric polarization. The electric polarization is maintained by the structural local disorder of hydrogen bonding and the three-dimensional CN network. In this ferroelectricity, the crystal structure is a polar group of C∞v after application of an electric field

Electrochemical Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photomagnetic Properties of a Three-Dimensional Cyano-Bridged Copper−Molybdenum Complex

A single crystal of CsI2CuII7[MoIV(CN)8]4·6H2O was electrochemically prepared on a Pt wire electrode with a constant potential of +500 mV vs Ag/AgCl electrode. X-ray single-crystal structural analysis showed that this compound consists of a three-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu−Mo bimetallic assembly with a tetragonal structure of I4/mmm. The coordination geometry of MoIV is bicapped trigonal prism, and that of CuII is five-coordinate of square pyramidal or four-coordinate of square planar. This compound was also prepared as a 0.2−3.0 μm thick film on a SnO2-coated glass in the same electrochemical manner. When the sample, which shows paramagnetism due to CuII (S = 1/2), was irradiated with 450−500 nm light at 5 K, spontaneous magnetization with a Curie temperature of 23 K was observed. This photoinduced change was recovered by a thermal treatment. In the infrared (IR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra after light irradiation, variations in the stretching IR peak of CN bridged to MoIV and the paramagnetic ESR peak of CuII were observed, respectively. The data indicate that this photomagnetism is caused by the electron transfer from MoIV to CuII and the ferromagnetic ordering between CuII (S = 1/2) and MoV (S = 1/2)

Electrochemical Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photomagnetic Properties of a Three-Dimensional Cyano-Bridged Copper−Molybdenum Complex

A single crystal of CsI2CuII7[MoIV(CN)8]4·6H2O was electrochemically prepared on a Pt wire electrode with a constant potential of +500 mV vs Ag/AgCl electrode. X-ray single-crystal structural analysis showed that this compound consists of a three-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu−Mo bimetallic assembly with a tetragonal structure of I4/mmm. The coordination geometry of MoIV is bicapped trigonal prism, and that of CuII is five-coordinate of square pyramidal or four-coordinate of square planar. This compound was also prepared as a 0.2−3.0 μm thick film on a SnO2-coated glass in the same electrochemical manner. When the sample, which shows paramagnetism due to CuII (S = 1/2), was irradiated with 450−500 nm light at 5 K, spontaneous magnetization with a Curie temperature of 23 K was observed. This photoinduced change was recovered by a thermal treatment. In the infrared (IR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra after light irradiation, variations in the stretching IR peak of CN bridged to MoIV and the paramagnetic ESR peak of CuII were observed, respectively. The data indicate that this photomagnetism is caused by the electron transfer from MoIV to CuII and the ferromagnetic ordering between CuII (S = 1/2) and MoV (S = 1/2)