Spatial distribution of average values of parameters (a) CentralHeat (b) AOD*diff (c) R_AOD*diff from 2004–2012.

<p>The blue line along the Qin Mountains and Huai River is the traditional dividing line between north and south China.</p

Average AOD^* in different spatio-temporal groups.

<p>The black line shows the AOD^*_annual over the entire study region as a reference. The average AOD^* during the heating season in the heating area was consistently higher than other spatio-temporal groups.</p

Spatial distribution of average AOD*annual from 2004–2012.

<p>The blue line along the Qin Mountains and Huai River is the traditional dividing line between north and south China. AOD^*_annual varied greatly across the study domain and north China has higher aerosol loading relative to south China generally.</p

Summary statistics of meteorological and social-economic parameters.

<p>Summary statistics of meteorological and social-economic parameters.</p

Estimates of parameters in the linear regression models.

<p>^ap-value< 0.01</p><p>Estimates of parameters in the linear regression models.</p

Ion Transport in the EMITFSI/PVDF System at Different Temperatures: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation

We used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to study the ion transport in the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis­(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)­imide/poly­(vinylidene fluoride) (EMITFSI/PVDF) system with 40.05 wt % EMITFSI at different temperatures. The glass-transition temperature (Tg = 204 K) of this system shows a good agreement with the experimental value (200 K). With the increase of temperature, the peaks of the pair correlation function show an increasing trend. Interestingly, the coordination numbers of ion pairs and the degree of independent ion motion are mainly affected by the binding energy between ion pairs as the temperature increases. In addition, the ion transport properties with increasing temperature can be studied by the ion-pair relaxation times, ion-pair lifetimes, and diffusion coefficients. The simulation results illustrate that the ion transport is intensified. Especially, the cations can always diffuse faster than the anions. The power law shows that mobilities of anions and cations are seen to exhibit a “superionic” behavior. With the increase of temperature, transference numbers of anions decrease first and then increase and transference numbers of cations show the opposite changes; ionic conductivity increases gradually; and viscosity decreases gradually, indicating that the diffusion resistance of ions decreases. In general, after adding PVDF into the EMITFSI system, the glass-transition temperature and viscosity increase, the ionic conductivity and degree of independent ion motion decrease, and diffusion coefficients of cations decrease faster than those of the anions

Phase-Changing Bistable Electroactive Polymer Exhibiting Sharp Rigid-to-Rubbery Transition

A phase-changing polymer comprising stearyl acrylate and a long-chain urethane diacrylate was studied as a new bistable electroactive polymer. The abrupt and reversible phase transition of the crystalline aggregates of the stearyl moieties results in a rapid shift between the rigid and rubbery states of the polymers during temperature cycles. The transition temperature is tunable between 34–46 °C. A storage modulus change of ∼1000 fold can be obtained within a narrow temperature range of 10 °C. The polymer shows excellent shape memory properties with both fixation rate and recovery rate close to 100%. Diaphragm actuators based on the polymer thin films were electrically actuated up to 70% strain at 50 °C. The actuated shape can be “frozen” after the films were allowed to cool below the transition temperature. This rigid-to-rigid deformation is refreshable and repeatable via the rigid-to-rubbery transition and electrical actuation in the rubbery state

ORs (95%CI) of prior medications on in-hospital clinical outcomes among ACS patients, stratified by history of CVD.

ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; CI: confidence interval; CVD: cardiovascular disease; HR: heart rate; MACEs: major adverse cardiovascular events; OR: odd ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction;</p

Baseline characteristics of ACS patients by prior use of four recommended medications.

<p>Baseline characteristics of ACS patients by prior use of four recommended medications.</p