Reversible Full Adder Gate using Nano-technology

Volume 1 Issue 2 (April 2013

Effect of different spawn rates and substrate supplementation on yield of Indian Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel.

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different spawn rates and substrate supplementation on yield of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel. Among six spawn rates viz., 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%, respectively tried on wheat straw substrate, the spawn run was fastest (10.50 days) when spawn dose was 8%, followed by 6%, 4%, 2%, 1% and 0.5%, respectively. The pinheads appeared in 12.27 days by using spawn @ 8%, which proved to be the best spawn dose followed by 6%, 4%, 2%, 1% and 0.5%, respectively. Highest yield of 168.7 per 200g dry substrate was achieved @ 8% spawn rate. Lesser yields were recorded when spawn rate was reduced. The results also reveals the significantly highest biological efficiency of 84.33% at 8% spawn rate followed by 6%, 4%, 2%, 1% and 0.5%, respectively. It was concluded that spawn run was rapid at higher spawn rate but there was not much difference in yield when spawn dose was increased from 4 to 8%. Considering spawn cost and performance shown by different doses, 2-4% was found optimum dose for its cultivation.In case of substrate supplementation, wheat straw supplemented with cotton seed meal supported maximum mycelial growth (10.50 days of inoculation) and took mini-mum time for pinheads initiation (13.67 days). Similarly, maximum yield (155.3g) with biological efficiency of 77.65% was recorded on wheat straw supplemented with cotton seed meal followed by supplementation of saw dust, wheat straw (control), calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), ammonium nitrateand urea, respectively. These studies will help to mushroom growers for selecting the most suitable spawn rate and also opens viable option of supplementation as wheat straw + cotton seed meal for better growth behaviour and optimum yield potential of Pleurotus pulmonarius as well as other oyster mushrooms cultivation

Isozyme analysis based genetic fidelity assessment of micropropagated banana plants

Isozyme studies of micropropagated and mother plants of banana cvs. Matti, Ney Poovan, Kechulepa, Dwarf Cavendish, Malbhog, Champa, B.B. Battisa and FHIA-1 were done to test their genetic fidelity. The banding patterns as revealed by electrophoretic variations were evaluated with respect to isozymes of acid phosphatase, catalase, esterase and peroxidase as markers. The genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants and the relationship of the different cultivars were determined by dendrogram using numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system(NTSYS). A clustered dendrogram was prepared by unweighted pair group method using averages (UPGAMA) method. At 87% similarity, the micropropagated and mother plants were clustered in four groups reflecting their genomic constitution. Cvs. Matti (AA) and Dwarf Cavendish (AAA) with similar ‘A’ genome were categorized in Cluster I. Cluster II comprised of cvs. Ney Poovan (AB), B.B. Battisa (ABB) and FHIA-1(AAAB) with genomic constitution of both ‘A’ and ‘B’ type. Cvs. Champa (AAB) and Malbhog (AAB) with similar genome were grouped inCluster III. Cluster IV contained the cv. Kechulepa (BB) having only ‘B’ genome. However, there was no somaclonal variation among the micropropagated plants and they showed 100% genetic similarity. Thus, the isozyme studies could be a reliable marker for testing the genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants and for evaluating the diversity among the banana germplasm

Comparative study of networks using packet and circuit switching within a single network

During the last couple of years, in addition to voice, other types of communications network services are becoming increasingly important. These are interactive data, facsimile, slow scan image, and bulk data. Typically, these services are delivered by separate networks using various kinds of switching technology, such as packet, circuit, or message switching. Recently, much of the focus has been on the integration of all types of communication services within the same switch or network, especially within the telephony and business industry. Integration of the communication services is being realized by integrating packet and circuit switching within the same switch or network. The overall goal of this thesis is to present the key aspects of the integration of circuit and packet switching within the same switch/network

Evaluation of etiological factors (Hetu) of Prameha w.s.r. to Bruhatrayee

Objective: To evaluate etiological factors (Hetus) of Prameha with special reference to Bruhatrayee. Methods: 75 Patients of Prameha and randomly ‘selected control group of 75 people were comprehensively investigated with a self-designed questionnaire. All the data obtained were transformed and analysed statistically by chi-square test. Result: There is statistical difference between the Prameha patient group and the control group. Among the case group Pishtanna, Krushara, Vilepi, Ikshu-Vikar, Nava Madhya, Mandak Dadhi, Dravanna, Madhur Atisevan, Snigdha Aahar, Amla Atisevan, Lavan Atisevan, Samashan, Vyayama Varjanam, Swapna-Shayya-Aasana, Diwaswap have been found significant Hetus (Aaharaja) in occurrence of Prameha than those of control group (p<0.05). Dhanya Sevan, Sarpi Sevan, Mamsa Sevan, Shaak Sevan, Payas, Ksheer, Guru Aahar and Sheet Sevan, Mruja Varjanam, Tyakta Chintana, and Samshodhana Akurvatam have been not found significant Hetus (Viharaja) in occurrence of Prameha. Conclusion: This study indicated that, Hetus (etiological factors) of Prameha which are actually responsible for manifestation of Prameha Vyadhi has been categorized in this study. Hence Hetu Siddhant has been revalidated

The effect of pre and postnatal diet exposure on gut morphology, function and inflammation

The effect of pre and postnatal diet exposure on gut morphology, function and inflammatio

Telenursing - A Potential Resource in the eHealth Agenda of India

In spite of wide-ranging successes that have improved population health, the call of ‘health for all’ across the globe remains significant. In India, making provision for basic healthcare to all people is a difficult task because of its large and diverse geographical terrain, and huge ethnically and culturally diverse population. Telenursing could provide better access to healthcare in communities and ensure a more effective, comprehensive and acceptable relationship of trust within communities. The focus of this paper is on availability and utilization of healthcare service types and health human resources, and factors influencing healthcare seeking behaviour in marginalized communities, and to use these findings to discuss the potential of integrating telenursing into  planning as a stimulus for inter-professional and system-wide change. Methods: The availability and utilization of healthcare services through available health systems were explored in urban, rural, slum, and rehabilitated communities through a cross-sectional survey in the Union Territory of Chandigarh, India. Primary data were collected through structured interviews, observation, checklists, and periodic visits, including reasons for preference of a particular care system by consumers and factors affecting their health seeking behaviour. Results and Conclusions: All health systems studied had a limited scope of services. This lack of a suitable range of health services led consumers to seek traditional (unscientific) care for meeting their health needs. Telenursing could stem this trend by improving clinical outcomes for chronic diseases, and thereby safeguard the interests of consumers, reduce costs associated with long-term care or delayed institutionalization, and help prevent the global threat of non-treatable hospital acquired infections

Effectiveness of a module to promote competency in adverse drug reaction reporting in undergraduate medical students

Background: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) under-reporting is a hindrance to the implementation of Pharmacovigilance Program of India. This is essentially due to lack of ADR reporting culture among healthcare professionals. Thus, study was conducted to assess and enhance awareness about ADRs and strengthen reporting among medical undergraduates.Methods: This is an interventional crossover study. A total of 140 students of 2nd professional, MBBS were included and divided into two groups of 70 each. In phase 1, group A was given a didactic lecture (DL) on ADR and pharmacovigilance. Group B was also given DL with an addition of a case narrative exercise and they were asked to fill an ADR form. Both groups were assessed based on an MCQ questionnaire for knowledge and skill. After 15 days of washout period, groups were crossed and reassessed. Feedback from students was taken on a 5 point Likert’s scale.Results: The mean scores of batch A without case was 17.5±3 out of a total score of 25 marks, which showed improvement with case narrative and mean increased to 19.6± 2.4 (p 0.05). Similarly, Batch B showed improvement as well and the mean 17.7±3.1 score without case narrative increased to 19.2±2.7 (p <0.05). Student’s perception of the effectiveness of module-based teaching was positive.Conclusions: Case narrative in addition to didactic lecture enhanced awareness and may strengthen ADR reporting culture among the medical students