WGMR Self-Injection Locking Method Based on Enhanced Optical Feedback with Auxiliary Prism

The optical feedback intensity is an important parameter for realizing narrow linewidth lasers in Whispering-gallery-mode resonator (WGMR) self-injection locking technology. We proposed an approach that enhances the intensity of intracavity feedback in crystalline WGMR by using only a single coated auxiliary prism. Compared to the Rayleigh scattering, the feedback intensity of the enhanced scheme increased by more than a hundred times. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, with the enhanced approach, the instantaneous linewidth of the laser was suppressed to 7 Hz level, the locking range was expanded up to 8 GHz, and the relative intensity noise (RIN) was reduced to -152 dBc/Hz@10MHz. The feedback enhanced design is compact, easy-to-operated and can be integrated with the WGMR. It provides a miniaturized solution for controlling optical feedback intensity in WGMR self-injection locking technology

Effects of Abcc4-morpholino on the mortalities of zebrafish embryos treated with DDT or lindane.

<p>(<b>A–B</b>) Death rates of embryos injected with Abcc4 morpholino (Abcc4-MO) and exposed to 100 µg/L DTT or lindane. The controls include wild type (ctrl) and ctrl-MO-injected embryos. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). Significant differences are indicated by ^*<i>p</i><0.05.</p

Characterization of Zebrafish Abcc4 as an Efflux Transporter of Organochlorine Pesticides

<div><p>DDT and lindane are highly toxic organochlorine pesticides and posing adverse effects on the environment and public health due to their frequent usage in developing countries. ABCC4/MRP4 is an organic anion transporter that mediates cellular efflux of a wide range of exogenous and endogenous compounds such as cyclic nucleotides and anti-cancer drugs; however, it remains unclear whether ABCC4 and its orthologs function in the detoxification of organochlorine pesticides. Here, we demonstrated the roles of zebrafish Abcc4 in cellular efflux of DDT and lindane. Zebrafish <i>abcc4</i> was maternally expressed in the oocytes and its transcripts were detected in the lens, pancreas, gills, liver, intestine and bladder of developing embryos and in adult tissues examined. DDT and lindane were able to induce the expression of <i>abcc4</i> gene and overexpression of Abcc4 significantly decreased the cytotoxicity and accumulation of DDT and lindane in LLC-PK1 cells and developing embryos. In contrast, overexpression of an Abcc4-G1188D mutant abolished its transporter function without effects on its substrate binding activity, and sensitized LLC-PK1 cells and developing embryos to toxic pesticides. Moreover, glutathione (GSH) was involved in the efflux of cellular pesticides and ATPase activity in developing embryos can be induced by DDT or lindane. Thus, zebrafish Abcc4 plays crucial roles in cellular efflux of organochlorine pesticides and can be used a potential molecular marker for the monitor of DDT and lindane contamination in the aquatic environment.</p></div

Forest plots of bladder cancer incidence/standard incidence rate associated with diabetes.

<p>Forest plots of bladder cancer incidence/standard incidence rate associated with diabetes.</p

Interfacing with Fe–N–C Sites Boosts the Formic Acid Dehydrogenation of Palladium Nanoparticles

Hierarchical micro-/mesoporous carbons with abundant Fe–N–C sites were prepared through one-step carbonization of a metal–organic framework (MOF) with sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [NaFe­(III)­EDTA], which can facilitate the nucleation and growth of ultrafine (∼1.4 nm) and highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). Interfacing Pd NPs with Fe–N–C sites has been demonstrated for the first time to boost the heterogeneous catalysis of hydrogen production from formic acid, affording an ultrahigh turnover frequency (TOF) value of 7361 h–1 at 323 K. The robust synergistic interactions between Pd NPs and Fe–N–C sites together with the small size effects of Pd NPs are responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity

GSH is involved in the efflux of DDT and lindane in zebrafish embryos.

<p>(A–B) Intracellular GSH contents in zebrafish embryos exposed to different concentrations of DDT or lindane from 96 to 120 hpf. (C–D) Contents of DDT or lindane in embryos after treatment with GSH at indicated concentrations for 24 hours. Embryos were exposed to medium containing 5 µg/L DDT or lindane and simultaneously to 0.1–5 µM GSH from 96 to 120 hpf. (E–F) Contents of DDT or lindane in embryos after treatment with BSO, an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, at indicated concentrations for 24 hours. Embryos were treated with medium containing 5 µg/L DDT or lindane and simultaneously with 1–25 µM BSO from 96 to 120 hpf. (<b>G–H</b>) ATPase activities as shown by Pi levels in 96-hpf embryos after exposure to DDT or lindane at indicated concentrations. Values are expressed as means ± standard deviations (n = 3). Significant differences are indicated by ^*<i>p</i><0.05 and ^**<i>p</i><0.01.</p

Effects of DDT and lindane on the hatching and <i>abcc4</i> expression of zebrafish embryos.

<p>(<b>A and B</b>) Hatching rates of 96-hpf embryos exposed to DDT or lindane at indicated concentrations. (<b>C and D</b>) Total RNAs of zebrafish embryos in (A) and (B) were extracted for real-time PCR. (<b>E</b>) Embryos treated with 0.05 µg/L DDT or 0.01 µg/L lindane from 24 to 96 hpf were subjected to WISH analysis of induced <i>abcc4</i> expression, respectively. CK represents the untreated control. Black arrows point to intestine. All values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, n = 3. Significant differences are indicated by ^*<i>p</i><0.05 and ^**<i>p</i><0.01.</p

Zebrafish Abcc4 is involved in the excretion of DDT and lindane in developing embryos.

<p>(<b>A and B</b>) Contents of DTT or lindane in embryos expressing GFP, Abcc4 and Abcc4-G1188D at the indicated exposure time points. (<b>C and D</b>) Contents of MCB in embryos expressing GFP, Abcc4 and Abcc4-G1188D after exposed to DTT or lindane at indicated concentrations. Values are expressed as means ± standard deviations (n = 3). Significant differences are indicated by ^*<i>p</i><0.05 and ^**<i>p</i><0.01.</p

Zebrafish Abcc4 has functions in transport of MCB out of LLC-PK1 cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Western blot analysis of Flag-tagged Abcc4 or Abcc4-G1188D in stably transfected LLC-PK1 cells and the control cells (CTRL) transfected with empty vectors. The β-actin was used as a loading control. (<b>B</b>) Green signals under the confocal microscope indicate that foreign Abcc4 or Abcc4-G1188D molecules are localized on plasma membrane of LLC-PK1 cells. (<b>C</b>) Fluorescence intensities in LLC-PK1 cells expressing Abcc4 or Abcc4-G1188D and the control (CTRL) after treatment with MCB for 30 min at indicated concentrations. (<b>D</b>) Fluorescence intensities in LLC-PK1 cells expressing Abcc4 or Abcc4-G1188D and the control (CTRL) after treatment with 25 µM MCB for indicated time periods. (<b>E</b>) Fluorescence intensities in Abcc4-expressing LLC-PK1 cells after treatment with MK571 for indicated time periods. Cells were incubated in medium containing 25 µM MCB and different concentrations of MK571. Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations (n = 3). Significant differences are indicated by ^*<i>p</i><0.05 and ^**<i>p</i><0.01.</p