Selected somatic parameters by socio-cultural characteristics of Czech adult population

Results of Czech adult (older than 18 years) population testing are presented. Five somatic parameters were determined: body height (BH), body weight (BW), BMI (BMI), fat tissue percentage (%FAT), and waist hips rate (WHR), which were measured by machine Inbody 720, with some socio-cultural characteristics. Questionnaires were used to examine parameters of individual sport activity, life status, education level and magnitude of settlement. The presented results show negative trends. All observed parameters seem to be more or less mutually connected. The values of watched characteristics (except BH) increase according higher age, both in groups of males and of females, too. Parameter BH shows that secular trend in Czech population continues, when younger generations are taller like olders. Majority of adult Czech population does not practice any sport activity. This prevailing inactivity of the population influenced negatively our watched somatic paramaters. Those individuals who are single or possess good education levels, have better results in all observed parameters. Magnitude of settlement determines only slight differences in these watched parameters. These results are part of The project "Creating a research team for the purpose of determining the level of physical activity (inactivity) in selected age groups of the population of men and women in the Czech Republic" (CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0044) and is financed by the European Social Fund and the state budget of the Czech Republic

Physical activity as a determinant of diseases, back and joint pains in adult Czech population

In this contribution it was shown that the Czech adult population has a relationship between selected kinds of individual physical activity and civilization diseases (smoking and alcohol consumption), back and join pains. In this research is involved 5862 adult (over 18 years of age) Czech people of both sexes. Watched parameters were gained by questionnaire (totally 19 questions) from which we are discussing an influence of sport practicing (yes or not), character of the work (physical, physical and sedentary, sedentary or do not work) and kind of transportation to work (walking, biking, public transport, car or does not travel) on smoking, alcohol consumption, back and joints pains. Results demonstrated that over 72% of Czech adult population do not practise any sport. There were found only slight differences between watched parameters (smoking, alcohol consumption, back and joints pains) and those who are physically active or inactive. Back pains have over 70% of people, more often those not sporting. Join pains have about 55% and there are not any significant differences among groups. Very negative effects would be expected because of alcohol consumption – over 80% answered ‘yes I take alcoholic drinks’; more positive seems to be parameter smoking, about 22% of the sports group were practising smokers, while among non sporting it was about 32%. The parameter ‘character of the work’ does not show great differences; those who work physically smoke the least, those who do not work drink alcohol less like others. Also parameter transportation to work does not show any great differences; only those who use bike have significantly lower joints pains.Presented results are part of the project "Creating a research team for the purpose of determining the level of physical activity (inactivity) in selected age groups of the population of men and women in the Czech Republic" (CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0044) is financed by the European Social Fund and the state budget of the Czech Republic

Speed parameters in female pole vault

The speed parameters in pole vault of females were analysed. Research subject population was formed by pole vault females with personal best performances from 380 to 483 cm. Female vaulters of higher performance level reach also higher centre of gravity horizontal speed at the end of takeoff and by more effective transition on pole they lose less of this speed like vaulters of lower performance level. It was found that differences in vertical centre of gravity speed at finishing in phases of swing up with turn and extension show better movement activity on pole of female vaulters with the higher performance level

Determination of socio-cultural characteristics on somatic parameter body mass index in Czech adult population

In this contribution are presented results of testing 569 Czech adult people (273 males and 296 females) older than 18 years. There are discussed results in BMI, which was measured by machine Inbody 720. By questionnaire were learned parameters of sport practicing, magnitude of settlement, life status and education level. Presented results show negative trends. BMI parameter increases when the age arises: most of male groups and two oldest female groups are of overweight. Majority of adult Czech population does not practice any sport activity (71%). This of course influences BMI parameter, when those individuals, who do not practice sport mainly among male groups have again overweight and obesity. Magnitude of settlement also slightly determine watched parameter: in male groups is BMI level decreased with greatness magnitude of settlement, while in female groups can be seen opposite trends. Those who are single or possess good education level have better results in watched BMI parameter.The project "Creating a research team for the purpose of determining the level of physical activity (inactivity) in selected age groups of the population of men and women in the Czech Republic" (CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0044) is financed by the European Social Fund and the state budget of the Czech Republic

FIZIČKO VASPITANJE: VEŽBANJE, PRESTANAK I NASTAVAK NEUTRENIRANIH SAUDIJSKIH STUDENATA

The aim of the present study was twofold: firstly, to verify whether two classes a week of Physical Education (PE) are sufficient to improve physical fitness in college students. Secondly, to ascertain the effect of PE practice, cessation and resumption on the mentioned students. Thirty (30) untrained Saudi college students attended PE lessons twice a week for nine weeks. Subsequently, they were inactive for nine weeks, and finally, they attended PE classes again another period of nine weeks. After the two nine-week periods of PE, the participants improved their strength, endurance, speed and agility. The period of inactivity implied the loss of all the adaptations attained during the first nine weeks of practice, except muscular endurance in the trunk flexor muscles. Two classes a week of PE during nine weeks improve physical fitness in untrained university students. These improvements almost entirely decay after nine weeks of inactivity, but can be recovered with another nine weeks of PE classes. Individuals who resume PE lessons after nine weeks of PE followed by a nine-week inactivity period, could attain higher improvements in specific physical capacities (muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, speed and agility).Cilj ove studije bio je dvojak: prvo, da se proveri da li su dva časa nedeljno fizičkog vaspitanja (FV) dovoljna za poboljšanje fizičke spremnosti studenata. Drugo, da se utvrdi efekat vežbanja, prestanka i nastavka vežbanja u okviru FV na navedene studente. Trideset (30) neutreniranih saudijskih studenata pohađalo je časove PE dva puta nedeljno tokom devet nedelja. Nakon toga, bili su neaktivni devet nedelja, i konačno, ponovo su pohađali časove PE tokom još jednog perioda od devet nedelja. Posle dva devetonedeljna perioda FV, ispitanici su poboljšali snagu, izdržljivost, brzinu i agilnost. Period neaktivnosti podrazumevao je gubitak svih adaptacija postignutih tokom prvih devet nedelja vežbanja, osim mišićne izdržljivosti mišića fleksora trupa. Dva časa nedeljnog FV tokom devet nedelja poboljšavaju fizičku spremnost neutreniranih studenata univerziteta. Ova poboljšanja gotovo u potpunosti nestaju nakon devet nedelja neaktivnosti, ali se mogu dostići sa još devet nedelja časa FV. Pojedinci koji nastave časove FV nakon devet nedelja fizičkog vaspitanja, nakon čega sledi devetonedeljni period neaktivnosti, mogli bi da ostvare veća poboljšanja u određenim fizičkim kapacitetima (mišićna izdržljivost, kardiovaskularna izdržljivost, brzina i agilnost)

Effects of Running-Specific Strength Training, Endurance Training, and Concurrent Training on Recreational Endurance Athletes’ Performance and Selected Anthropometric Parameters

Objective: The present study aimed to verify the effects of running-specific strength training alone, endurance training alone, and concurrent training on recreational endurance athletes’ performance and selected anthropometric parameters. Method: Thirty male recreational endurance runners were randomly assigned using a blocking technique to either a running-specific strength training group (RSSTG), an endurance training group (ETG), or a concurrent training group (CTG). RSSTG performed three strength-training sessions per week orientated to running, ETG underwent three endurance sessions per week, and CTG underwent a 3-day-per-week concurrent training program performed on non-consecutive days, alternating the strength and endurance training sessions applied to RSSTG and ETG. The training protocol lasted 12 weeks and was designed using the ATR (Accumulation, Transmutation, Realization) block periodization system. The following assessments were conducted before and after the training protocol: body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), lean mass (LM), countermovement jump (CMJ), 1RM (one-repetition maximum) squat, running economy at 12 and 14 km/h (RE12 and RE14), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and anaerobic threshold (AnT). Results: RSSTG significantly improved the results in CMJ, 1RM squat, RE12, and RE14. ETG significantly improved in RE12, RE14, VO2max, and AnT. Finally, CTG, obtained significant improvements in BFP, LM, CMJ, 1RM squat, RE12, RE14, VO2max, and AnT. RSSTG obtained improvements significantly higher than ETG in CMJ, 1RM squat, and RE14. ETG results were significantly better than those attained by RSSTG in AnT. Moreover, CTG marks were significantly higher than those obtained by ETG in CMJ and RE14. Conclusion: Performing a 12-week concurrent training program integrated into the ATR periodization system effectively improves body composition and performance variables that can be obtained with exclusive running-specific strength and endurance training in recreational runners aged 30 to 40. Running-specific strength training enhances maximum and explosive strength and RE, whereas exclusive endurance training improves VO2max, AnT, and RE. Performing concurrent training on non-consecutive days effectively prevents the strength and endurance adaptations attained with single-mode exercise from being attenuated. The ATR periodization system is useful in improving recreational endurance athletes’ performance parameters, especially when performing concurrent training programs

Relationship between BMI and physical fitness in college-age males: a cross-sectional study

The purpose of the study was to analyse the association between BMI and fitness performance. The 117 male college students were divided into four groups according to their BMI: Underweight (UWG), normal weight (NWG), overweight (OVWG) and obese (OBWG). They performed five tests: One minute Sit-Up test (SU), one minute Push-Up test (PU), Standing Long Jump test (SLJ), 4x10 Shuttle Run test (SHR) and 1km Run test (1KM). OBWG scores were poorer than OVWG scores, whilst OVWG scores were poorer than those attained by UWG and NWG. There were only significant differences between UWG and NWG in PU. BMI correlated negatively with SU, PU, SLJ and 1KM, and positively with SHR. The BMI peak performance for each test was, SU (19.35±3.39); PU (17.63±1.49); SLJ (20.15±3.1); SHR(20.71±3.03); KM (20.62±3.63). College age males with a BMI lower than 25 have a better fitness level than overweight and obese  counterparts. Hence, fitness test standards should be designed considering not only age and gender, but also BMI. Keywords: BMI; Physical fitness tests; College-age male

DETERMINATION OF SPORT ACTIVITY BY SELECTED SOCIO–CULTURAL PARAMETERS OF PRESENT CZECH ADULT POPULATION

In this article are presented results from questionnaire of 5.878 adult individuals in Czech Republic. There were applied various questions regarding age, sex, sport activities, habits and problems in life, magnitude of settlement, level of education, life status etc. Totally there were 19 questions. In this contribution we try to explain determination of sport activity of adult Czech population by parameters of sex, level of education (none education - fundamental - trainee - GCE exam - university) and life status (single - married – divorced – widowed - registered partnership). All respondents were derived in three groups: younger (age 18 – 34 years), medium age (35 - 54) and seniors (over 55). There is proved in this article that majority of adult Czech population does not practise any sport activity (over 70%); the older people are, the less sport activity they practise. Women groups are slightly worse. Also level of education determines sport activity. Individuals with high schools and university education practise sport significantly more often like others, also in this parameter are men slightly better. Life status also influences sport practise parameter. Better results have singles, married and divorced are slightly worse, while widowed are clear the worst. This questionnaire is part of The project "Creating a research team for the purpose of determining the level of physical activity (inactivity) in selected age groups of the population of men and women in the Czech Republic" (CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0044) is financed by the European Social Fund and the state budget of the Czech Republic