Greening the curriculum

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Consumer-driven sustainable tourism: towards incospicuos consumption.

Introduction Life in the typical affluent modern market economy is associated with high spending power and extensive consumer choice. Social comparison, competition and rivalry at work, and stress all drive consumer choice (Layard, 2005). The resultant status race is invariably associated with conspicuous consumption (Veblen, 1899), i.e. consumption that is demonstrative and signals an individual's position in the social pecking order. Consumer satisfaction with goods, services and experiences is derived from one of several types of consumer value, which are either extrinsically or intrinsically motivated. Extrinsic value may be understood as a means to some end, whereas intrinsic value is enjoyed for its own sake (Holbrook, 1999). Another characteristic of extrinsic value is that it can be pursued deliberately, as is typical for conspicuous consumption. Recreational activities offer opportunities for people to rebalance their lives through less conspicuous consumption, associated with more intrinsic consumer value. However, as intrinsic consumption value is more transitory, less predictable and less self-conscious than extrinsic value, products designed to deliver it present a particular challenge, nowhere more so than in terms of branding and marketing. This is exacerbated where tourism is concerned, because consumption takes place away from the familiar home environment and because it is not routine. Thus the tourist is likely to be in adiv_BaMBansal, P. & Roth, K. (2000); Why companies go green: a model of ecological responsiveness. Academy of Management Journal 43(4), 717-736 Bhaskaran, S., Polonsky, M., Cary, J. & Fernandez, S. (2006). Environmentally sustainable food production and marketing: Opportunity or hype? British Food Journal 108(8), 677-690 Burkart, A.J. & Medlik, S. (1974). Tourism: Past, Present and Future. London: Heinemann Butler, R.W. (1999). Sustainable tourism: a state-of-the-art review. Tourism Geographies 1(1), 7-25 Eagles, P. (1992). The travel motivations of Canadian ecotourists. Journal of Travel Research 31(2), 3-13 Fennel, D. (2006). Tourism Ethics. Frankfurt: Channel View Publications. Font, X. (ed.) Tourism Ecolabelling: Certification and Promotion of Sustainable Management (pp 41-55). Oxon: CABI Publishing Hall, C.M. & Page, S.J. (2006). The Geography of Tourism and Recreation: Environment, Place and Space. London: Routledge Halpern, D. (2005). Social Capital. Cambridge: Polity Harris, S.M. (2007). Does sustainability sell? Market responses to sustainability certification. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 18(1), 50-60 Holbrook, M.B. (1999). Introduction to consumer value. In: Holbrook, MB (ed.). Consumer Value. A framework for analysis and research (pp. 1-28.). London: Routledge Hunter, C. (1995). On the need to re-conceptualise sustainable tourism development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 3(1995), 155-165 Hunter, C. (1997). Sustainable tourism as an adaptive paradigm. Annals of Tourism Research 24(4), 850-67 Hvenegaard, G.T. & Dearder, P. (2002). Ecotourism versus tourism in a Thai National Park. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(3), 700-720 Jones, P., Comfort, D., Hillier, D. & Eastwood, I. (2005). Retailers and sustainable development in the UK. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 33(3), 207-214 Kassaye, W.W. (2001). Green Dilema. Marketing Intelligence and Planning 19(6), 444-455 Layard, R. (2005). Happiness. Lessons from a New Science. London: Allen Lane. Schwartz, S.H and Bardi, A. (2001). Value hierarchies across cultures. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 32, 268-290 Sharpley, R. (2001). The Consumer Behaviour Context of Ecolabelling. In Font, X. (ed.) Tourism Ecolabelling: Certification and Promotion of Sustainable Management (pp 41-55). Oxon: CABI Publishing Swarbrook, J. & Horne, S. (2007). Consumer Behaviour in Tourism (2nd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier Veblen, T. (1899). The Theory of the Leisure Class. New York: Random House Witherspoon, S. (1994). The greening of Britain: romance and rationality. In: Jowell, R., Curtis, J., Brook, L. & Arendt, D. (eds.). British Social Attitudes: the 11th Report - The End of Conservative Values (pp 107-139). Aldershot: Dartmouth. World Commission on Environment and Development (cited as WCED) (1987). Our Common Future. Oxford University Press. Oxford, England, UKunpub650unpu

Friction Coefficient for Deep-Inelastic Heavy-Ion Collisions

Based on the microscopic model, the friction coefficient for the relative motion of nuclei in deep-inelastic heavy-ion collisions is calculated. The radial dependence of the friction coefficient is studied and the results are compared with those found by other methods. Based on this result, it was demonstrated that the kinetic energy dissipation in deep-inelastic heavy-ion collisions is a gradual process which takes up a significant part of a reaction time. An advantage of the suggested method is that it allows one to consider the relative motion of nuclei and the intrinsic motion self-consistently.Comment: 15 pages, RevTex, 7 Postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Thirty Years of heavy Fermions: Scientific Setting for their Discovery and Partial Understanding

Heavy-Fermions provide an extreme example of the utility of the idea of continuity and analyticity in physics. Their discovery and study in the past thirty years has added a fascinating chapter to condensed matter physics. I briefly review the origins of the heavy-fermion problem out of the study of magnetic moments in metals and the study of mixed-valent rare-earth compounds. I also review the principal ideas underlying the features understood in their fermi-liquid phase as well as in their anisotropic superconductivity. The unsolved issues are also briefly mentioned.Comment: This is the text of one of the talks given at the plenary symposium entitled "Thirty years of heavy Fermions" at the beginning of the International conference on Strongly correlated Electrons in Vienna in July 200

Mass transfer from a giant star to a main sequence companion and its contribution to long-orbital-period blue stragglers

Binary population synthesis shows that mass transfer from a giant star to a main-sequence (MS) companion may account for some observed long-orbital period blue stragglers. However, little attention {\bf is paid to this blue straggler formation scenario} as dynamical instability often happens when the mass donor is a giant star. In this paper, we have studied the critical mass ratio, $q_{\rm c}$, for dynamically stable mass transfer from a giant star to a MS companion using detailed evolution calculations. The results show that a more evolved star is generally less stable for Roche lobe overflow. Meanwhile, $q_{\rm c}$ almost linearly increases with the amount of the mass and angular momentum {\bf lost} during mass transfer, but has little dependance on stellar wind. To conveniently use the result, we give a fit of $q_{\rm c}$ as a function of the stellar radius at the onset of Roche lobe overflow and of the mass transfer efficiency during the Roche lobe overflow. To examine the formation of blue stragglers from mass transfer between giants and MS stars, we have performed Monte Carlo simulations with various $q_{\rm c}$. {\bf The simulations show that some binaries with the mass donor on the first giant branch may contribute to blue stragglers with $q_{\rm c}$ obtained in this paper but will not from previous $q_{\rm c}$. Meanwhile, from our $q_{\rm c}$, blue stragglers from the mass transfer between an AGB star and a MS companion may be more numerous and have a wider range of orbital periods than those from the other $q_{\rm c}$.Comment: 16 pages, 17 figures. accepted by MNRA

The 1000 Brightest HIPASS Galaxies: HI Mass Function and Omega_HI

We present a new accurate measurement of the HI mass function of galaxies from the HIPASS Bright Galaxy Catalog, a sample of 1000 galaxies with the highest HI peak flux densities in the southern hemisphere (Koribalski et al. 2003). This sample spans nearly four orders of magnitude in HI mass (from log M_HI/M_sun=6.8 to 10.6, H0=75) and is the largest sample of HI selected galaxies to date. We develop a bivariate maximum likelihood technique to measure the space density of galaxies, and show that this is a robust method, insensitive to the effects of large scale structure. The resulting HI mass function can be fitted satisfactorily with a Schechter function with faint-end slope alpha=-1.30. This slope is found to be dependent on morphological type, with later type galaxies giving steeper slopes. We extensively test various effects that potentially bias the determination of the HI mass function, including peculiar motions of galaxies, large scale structure, selection bias, and inclination effects, and quantify these biases. The large sample of galaxies enables an accurate measurement of the cosmological mass density of neutral gas: Omega_HI=(3.8 +/- 0.6) x 10^{-4}. Low surface brightness galaxies contribute only 15% to this value, consistent with previous findings.Comment: accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal, 16 pages, including 17 figures. Corrected typos and reference

Measurements of differential and double-differential Drell–Yan cross sections in proton–proton collisions at √s = 8TeV

Measurements of the differential and double-differential Drell–Yan cross sections in the dielectron and dimuon channels are presented. They are based on proton–proton collision data at vs = 8TeV recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1. The measured inclusive cross section in the ZZ peak region (60–120 GeV), obtained from the combination of the dielectron and dimuon channels, is 1138±8(exp)±25(theo)±30(lumi)\,pb, where the statistical uncertainty is negligible. The differential cross section ds/dm in the dilepton mass range 15–2000 GeV is measured and corrected to the full phase space. The double-differential cross section d2s/dmd|y| is also measured over the mass range 20 to 1500 GeV and absolute dilepton rapidity from 0 to 2.4. In addition, the ratios of the normalized differential cross sections measured at vs = 7 and 8 TeV are presented. These measurements are compared to the predictions of perturbative QCD at next-to-leading and next-to-next-to-leading (NNLO) orders using various sets of parton distribution functions (PDFs). The results agree with the NNLO theoretical predictions computed with fewz 3.1 using the CT10 NNLO and NNPDF2.1 NNLO PDFs. The measured double-differential cross section and ratio of normalized differential cross sections are sufficiently precise to constrain the proton PDFs.[…] the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain […

Food System Sustainability and the Consumer

The chapter is set within the context of contemporary cultures of consumption and the global sustainable consumption agenda. It begins with an overview of the modern food supply chain, with particular focus on the household as end user. Theories and current issues in consumer behavior and behavioral change are examined and provide a platform for the ultimate purpose of this chapter, namely an exploration of consumers' roles as instigators and adopters of change in the area of food waste. This includes both household food waste and waste embedded through the food supply chain. The chapter investigates acceptance of new products and processes and establishes the role of product development as accurately capturing and translating consumer requirements. Examples representing various levels of novelty are given and include entirely novel foods, food waste isolates as ingredients for added-value compounded foods, and behavioral innovations such as greater inclusion of less-valued food species into individual diets.div_BaMpub2651pu

Seasonal fluctuations of demand and optimal inventories of a nonrenewable resource such as natural gas

SIGLEAvailable from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman