Qualitative data listing proteins identified with 2 peptide matches using comparative iTRAQ analysis of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> serotype 14 1-day and 7-day old <i>in vitro</i> biofilms to planktonic population protein expression.

<p>Comparative protein data with >1.3 and <0.77 ratios identified as having differential expression.</p

Comparative iTRAQ analyses of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> serotype 14 1-day and 7-day old <i>in vitro</i> biofilms to mid-exponential planktonic population protein expression.

<p>Inclusion criteria: ≥3 peptide matches, ≥50 protein score, ≥5% sequence coverage (p<0.05). Comparative protein data with >1.3 and <0.77 ratios identified as having differential expression.</p

Change in expression of enzymes involved in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway and pyruvate metabolism of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> serotype 14 during biofilm formation.

<p>Based on iTRAQ expression data comparing mid-exponential planktonic cultures to day 1 and 7 biofilms. Proteins with potential moonlighting capability highlighted with their putative alternative functions. Pgm - phosphoglucomutase; pgi – glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; pfk–6-phosphofructokinase; fba – fructose biphosphate aldolase; gapA – glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; pgk – phosphoglycerate kinase; gpmA – phosphoglyceromutase; eno – enolase; pyk – pyruvate kinase, ldh – lactate dehydrogenase; adh – alcohol dehydrogenase, pfl – formate acetyltransferase.</p

Change in expression of enzymes involved in amino-acid metabolism of day 7 <i>S. pneumoniae</i> serotype 14 biofilms.

<p>Based on iTRAQ expression data comparing mid-exponential planktonic cultures to day 7 biofilms. Highlighting the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway consisting of arginine deiminase (arcA), ornithine carbamoyltransferase (arcB) and carbamate kinase (arcC), and components of L-aspartate metabolism consisting of adenylosuccinate synthetase (purA), aspartate aminotransferase (aspC), asparagine synthetase (asnA), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdhA).</p

<i>S. pneumoniae</i> serotype 14 day 1, 3, 5 and 7 biofilms imaged using (a) scanning electron microscopy with Alcian Blue staining (8,000x magnification; scale bar: 5 µm), and (b) confocal microscopy using Live/Dead staining, with sideviews (YZ – right) and (XZ – bottom) sagittal sections of the biofilm.

<p>Scale bar beside YZ sagittal sections represents average biofilm thickness. Scale bar in xy pane: 30 µm. (c) Bar chart comparing the total number of cells between day 1, 3, 5 and 7 biofilms. (d) Bar chart comparing number of viable cells between day 1, 3, 5 and 7 biofilms through CFU cm⁻² measurement.</p

Volcano plot of the complete iTRAQ proteomic dataset comparing the fold change in protein expression between mid-exponential planktonic <i>S. pneumoniae</i> and day 1 and day 7 biofilms.

<p>Proteins represented met inclusion criteria of ≥3 peptide matches, ≥50 protein score, and ≥5% sequence coverage (p<0.05). Comparative protein data with >1.3 and <0.77 ratios (marked by horizontal lines) were identified as having differential expression.</p

Specificity of the therapy of gestational diabetes mellitus

<div><p>The recently described Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells mediate specific recognition of bacterial and fungal vitamin B2 metabolites. As innate T cells, they possess broad effector responses, including IFN- including Iproduction, that are comparable to conventional T cell responses. Immunodeficiencies associated with systemic Th17 deficiency may also be compounded by defects in MAIT immunity. We evaluated Th17 immunity in this innate T cell compartment in primary (AD-HIES) and secondary immunodeficiency (thymoma) patients with conventional Th17 deficiency and susceptibility to fungal and bacterial disease. Our results suggest that MAIT cells are both reduced and functional deficient in STAT3 deficiency and thymoma patients with IL-12/23 autoantibodies. In contrast, thymoma patients without autoantibodies preserved the normal number and functional MAIT cells.</p></div

Standardized number of serotypes above thresholds.

<p>Box plots of standardized number of serotypes above thresholds (IgG ≥0.35 µg/ml and OPA titers ≥8) at 3.5 years in each of the groups [standardized to 13 serotypes]. The median is shown as a line across the box with the box representing the lower and upper quartiles. Whiskers extend to the maximum or minimum values within 1.5 times the IQR above and below the 3^rd and 1^st quartile, respectively. Points outside this range are represented as dots.</p

Serotype-specific geometric mean OPA titers before and after the booster at 40 and 41 months of age with t-tests.

<p>**P value from independent samples t-test using Satterthwaites method for unequal variances where appropriate.</p>†<p>Serotypes only present in PCV-13 vaccine.</p

Summary of study participants’ characteristics.

<p>Summary of study participants’ characteristics.</p