Subsequent live birth rate in patients who underwent PGD or conceived naturally.

<p>*Biochemical and ectopic pregnancies were included.</p><p>**A fetus with 21 trisomy was terminated at 18 weeks’ gestation.</p><p>***The cost is speculated to be lower. The cost ranged from $8,000–10,000 U.S. per trial in other hospitals in Japan. A technical charge was not included in the cost because this study was conducted for clinical research.</p><p>Subsequent live birth rate in patients who underwent PGD or conceived naturally.</p

Of 156 patients with reciprocal or Robertsonian translocations who received genetic counseling, 67 chose natural conception and 15 were excluded from the study.

<p>The remaining 89 chose PGD and 15 were excluded from the study. All comparisons were performed between the 37 patients of the PGD group who were ≤34 years old and the 52 patients who conceived naturally so that the patients who underwent PGD could be matched for age. The subsequent outcomes of the 126 patients were ascertained from the medical records and by telephone until July 2014.</p

Carrier status of the 37 patients who underwent PGD.

<p>M: prior miscarriage, S: prior stillbirth, L: prior live birth, OR: the cycles of oocyte retrieval, ET: cycles of embryo transfer.</p><p>SA: spontaneous abortion, T: term delivery, IUFD: intrauterine fetal death, EP: ectopic pregnancy, BP: biochemical pregnancy.</p><p>Carrier status of the 37 patients who underwent PGD.</p

Carrier status of the 52 patients who conceived naturally.

<p>*Patients whose informed consent could not be obtained,</p><p>M: prior miscarriage, S: prior stillbirth, L: prior live birth, SA: spontaneous abortion, T: term delivery, IUFD: intrauteriine fetal death, EP: ectopic pregnancy, BP: biochemical pregnancy.</p><p>Carrier status of the 52 patients who conceived naturally.</p

Characteristics of the 89 patients with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss who underwent PGD or conceived naturally.

<p>Characteristics of the 89 patients with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss who underwent PGD or conceived naturally.</p

Comparison of architecture of PL and IL of vmPFC between OXT and PBS groups at P40.

Nissl-stained sections of OXT (A) and PBS (B) groups. Scale bar: 100 μm. (TIF)</p

Study design and verification of reproducibility of induced labor model mice.

(A) Experimental design of induced labor model and pups. At gestational day 18.5 an osmotic pump was implanted subcutaneously in anesthetized mice. The male pups were analyzed at 24 h (P1) after birth. (B) Time until labor for each group. Time until labor of the oxytocin (OXT) group was significantly shorter than that of the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and Wild groups (P < 0.001, Tukey–Kramer method). There were no significant differences between the PBS and Wild groups. (C) Survival rate of OXT, PBS and Wild groups at P1. There were no significant differences between each group. (D) Body weight of OXT, PBS and Wild groups at P1. The body weight of the OXT group was significantly lower than that of the PBS and Wild groups (P < 0.001, Steel–Dwass test). There were no significant differences between the PBS and Wild groups.</p

Efp regulates NF-κB-mediated transcription in endometrial cancer cells.

(A–D) Ishikawa (A and B) and HEC-1A (C and D) cells were transfected with NF-κB-Luc and pRL-CMV. At the same time, these cells were also transfected with Flag-Efp (A and C) or siEfp #A or #B (B and D). After transfection, cell lysates were subjected to a luciferase assay. Data are presented as means ± s.d. (n = 3). *, P P < 0.01.</p

Ultrastructure of dying cells in forceps minor of corpus callosum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex of the male pups at 24 h after delivery.

(A–D) Electron micrographs of forceps minor (FMI) of the male pups at 24 h after delivery of the OXT (A–C) and PBS (D) groups. (A) In the OXT group, cells containing pyknotic nuclei and debris of dying cells were abundant (asterisks). (B) An enlarged image of the phagocytic cell (P) shown in A containing many pyknotic nuclei and debris of dying cells. (C) A dying cell with chromatin condensation observed in the OXT group. (D) An enlarged image of the phagocytic cell (P) containing pyknotic nuclei and debris of dying cells in the PBS group. (E–G) Electron micrographs of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) of the male pups at 24 h after delivery of the OXT group. Dying cells with pyknotic nuclei indicated by an arrow and an arrowhead in E were enlarged and shown in F and G, respectively. (F) A dying cell with pyknotic nuclei that was not phagocytosed (arrow). (G) A dying cell with pyknotic nuclei that was encircled by the cytoplasm of the phagocytic cell (arrow). Scale bars: 4 μm (A–E) and 2 μm (F, G).</p

Increased number of pyknotic nuclei and TUNEL-positive cells in forceps minor of corpus callosum and infralimbic and prelimbic subregions of ventromedial prefrontal cortex of OXT group.

(A–D) TUNEL- and Nissl-stained sections of OXT (A, C) and PBS (B, D) groups. (A, B) In forceps minor (FMI) of corpus callosum (CC) TUNEL-positive and pyknotic nuclei were more abundant in the OXT group than in the PBS group. TUNEL-positive nuclei were often clustered (arrowheads). The insets are low magnification images of the sections indicating the regions of interest. dcw: deep cerebral white matter, IL: infralimbic cortex, LV: lateral ventricle, ne: neuroepithelium, PL: prelimbic cortex, vmPFC: ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Scale bars: 50 μm and 500 μm (in inset). (C, D) In PL and IL of vmPFC TUNEL-positive and pyknotic nuclei were detected more abundantly in the OXT group than in the PBS group. Squared areas with TUNEL-positive and pyknotic nuclei were enlarged and shown in insets. In the OXT group most of the TUNEL-positive and pyknotic nuclei appeared independently (arrows) rather than as a cluster (bold arrow). Scale bars: 50 μm and 10 μm (in inset). (E) The number of TUNEL-positive and pyknotic nuclei per square millimeter in FMI of CC in the OXT group was significantly larger than that in the PBS group (377.12 ± 48.93 vs 107.04 ± 42.10 for OXT and PBS groups, respectively, P = 0.002, Student’s t-test). (F) The number of TUNEL-positive and pyknotic nuclei per square millimeter in PL and IL was significantly larger than that in the PBS group (87.48 ± 10.57 vs 31.95 ± 6.32 for OXT and PBS groups, respectively, P = 0.002, Student’s t-test).</p