6 research outputs found

    The Human Trafficking of Cambodian Women and Children for Sex Industry: Internal end External Case Study

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    Perdagangan manusia atau human trafficking menjadi isu yang penting di kawasan Asia Tenggara, bahkan global seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah korban dan perubahan pola-pola perdagangan manusia yang sangat cepat. Konflik dan perkembangan teknologi, serta kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat turut mempercepat angka perdagangan manusia, tak terkecuali di Kamboja dimana banyak yang menjadi korban perdagangan manusia ke Thailand dan Vietnam. Paper ini akan menjawab pertanyaan apa sebenarnya penyebab utama perdagangan manusia di Kamboja, bagaimana pola-pola perdagangan manusia, serta bagaimana respon dari pemerintah Kamboja untuk memberantas perdagangan manusia

    TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION AND ETHNIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG THE CHAM DIASPORA IN MALAYSIA

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    This article is concerned with the Cham diaspora in Malaysia, who maintain transnational ties to their home land of “Kampong Cham” in Cambodia. With the process of movement and resettlement, this community confronted real challenges and had to develop new ways of life in a new milieu. From traditional forms of farming and fishing, which had been their main sources of economic support in Cambodia, these people transformed their main traditional activities to develop commercially-oriented economic activities in their new settlement.This paper aimed to answer two questions, first, how migrants use patron client relationships to survive and pursue their life in Malaysia. Second, how Cham diaspora in Malaysia who take the role of ethnic entrepreneur or patron help other migrants to negotiate transnational space and therefore facilitate transnationalism. This ethnic network plays an important role in their ethnic businesses and economic survival strategy, both for the previous migrant and new comer migrants. This paper contributes to a contemporary issue of Cham diaspora in Malaysia, one of ethnic minority in Cambodia and their strategy to face globalization by establishing transnational networking.  Keywords: Diaspora, Cham, transnational migration, entrepreneurship, ethnic network, Malaysia AbstrakArtikel ini berkaitan dengan diaspora Cham di Malaysia, yang mempertahankan hubungan transnasional dengan tanah asal mereka "Kampong Cham" di Kamboja. Dengan proses perpindahan dan pemukiman kembali, komunitas ini menghadapi tantangan nyata dan harus mengembangkan cara hidup baru di lingkungan baru. Dari bentuk tradisional pertanian dan perikanan, yang merupakan sumber utama dukungan ekonomi mereka di Kamboja, orang-orang ini mengubah kegiatan tradisional utama mereka untuk mengembangkan kegiatan ekonomi berorientasi komersial di pemukiman baru mereka. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan, pertama, bagaimana migran menggunakan hubungan klien patron untuk bertahan dan mengejar kehidupan mereka di Malaysia. Kedua, bagaimana Cham diaspora di Malaysia yang mengambil peran pengusaha etnis atau pelindung membantu migran lainnya untuk menegosiasikan ruang transnasional dan karena itu memfasilitasi transnasionalisme. Jaringan etnik ini memegang peranan penting dalam bisnis etnik dan strategi bertahan hidup ekonomi mereka, baik bagi pendatang migran migran sebelumnya maupun pendatang baru. Makalah ini berkontribusi pada isu kontemporer Cham diaspora di Malaysia, salah satu etnis minoritas di Kamboja dan strategi mereka untuk menghadapi globalisasi dengan membangun jaringan transnasional. Kata kunci: Diaspora, Cham, migrasi transnasional, kewirausahaan, jaringan etnik, Malaysia

    RINGKASAN HASIL PENELITIAN MIGRASI TRANSNASIONAL DAN IDENTITAS DIASPORA DI KOTAKOTA PERBATASAN DI ASIA TENGGARA STUDI KASUS THAILAND DENGAN MYANMAR DAN LAOS

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    This research has done in the border cities in Southeast Asia, namely Thailand, Lao PDR and Myanmar that straight bordered with China. Border cities are strategic locations for transnational migration, including the mobility of human, goods, information and transfer of ideas, where at the same time also contributed as bridge that linked between two or three different countries in Southeast Asia. China’s economic expansion and people migration from neighbouring countries has influenced the dynamic of economic, social and culture for people who live in border areas, especially in North Thailand. This research focus on the process of transnational migration, the identity of diaspora, and small scale economic activity among diaspora groups in border areas between north Thailand and Myanmar and also Lao PDR.Keywords:  transnational migration, diaspora identity, border citiesAbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan di kota-kota perbatasan Asia Tenggara, yaitu Thailand, Laos, dan Myanmar yang berbatasan langsung dengan China. Kota perbatasan merupakan lokasi strategis bagi pergerakan transnasional baik manusia, barang, informasi, dan ide-ide, sekaligus sebagai wilayah yang menghubungkan antara dua atau tiga negara yang berbeda di Asia Tenggara. Ekspansi ekonomi China dan pergerakan manusia dari negara-negara tetangga mempengaruhi dinamika ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya masyarakat di perbatasan. Fokus penelitian ini adalah menggali proses migrasi transnasional, identitas budaya diaspora, dan aktivitas ekonomi skala kecil kelompok diaspora di wilayah perbatasan Thailand utara dengan Myanmar dan Laos.Kata Kunci: migrasi transnasional, identitas budaya diaspora, kota perbatasa

    RINGKASAN HASIL PENELITIAN PENGUATAN PERAN DIASPORA INDONESIA DALAM PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING BANGSA STUDI KASUS: DIASPORA AKADEMISI DAN PROFESIONAL INDONESIA DI MALAYSIA

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    Pemerintah Indonesia dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini semakin menyadari bahwa Indonesia memiliki potensi yang besar melalui diaspora Indonesia di luar negeri. Peran diaspora dalam pembangunan Indonesia tentu sangat diharapkan terlebih dengan adanya realitas bahwa Indonesia masih mengalami kesenjangan potensi sumber daya manusia, padahal tidak sedikit profesional dan akademisi Indonesia yang mumpuni dan berkiprah di luar negeri, terutama Malaysia. Jarak yang tidak terlalu jauh, kesamaan budaya dan agama, serta fasilitas yang ditawarkan oleh pemerintah Malaysia mengakibatkan banyak akademisi dan pekerja profesional yang bekerja di Malaysia. Perkembangan diaspora Indonesia perlu diteliti secara holistik dalam rangka meningkatkan nilai tambah ekonomi nasional agar dapat menunjang produktivitas bangsa. Tulisan ini berupaya untuk melihat potensi diaspora akademisi dan profesional Indonesia di Malaysia yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk peningkatan daya saing dan diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia di masa datang. Keywords: diaspora, skilled diaspora, jaringan intelektual, transfer pengetahuan, Malaysi

    THE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC RICE CONTRACT FARMING IN CAMBODIA: A LESSON LEARNED FOR INDONESIA

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    <p class="IsiAbstract"> This study examines organic rice contract farming inCambodiaand its impact on farmers’ livelihood. The study’s objective is to gain a better insight of the terms and conditions of rice contract farming scheme inCambodia, and determine under what conditions contract farming could bring improvements to farmers’ livelihoods. This study contributes new research findings on contract farming practices and farmers’ livelihood due to organic-rice contract farming with a case study in Kampong Speu province,Cambodia.</p><p class="IsiAbstract">Rice contract farming is not widespread inCambodiaat present, but is expected to expand significantly in the near future. Contract farming can increase investment into agricultural and infrastructure in rural areas. Contract farming can also enable farmers to access credit, inputs, technical advice and information about market condition and pricing trends. Yet, the disadvantages of contract farming include loss of farmer bargaining power and a potential reduction in profit margins, increased emphasis on improving production quality, land consolidation in favor of participating contract farmers, and less secure livelihoods.</p><p class="IsiAbstract">In this study, the contract farming arrangements of Angkor Kasekam Rongroeung (AKR) Company is studied. A survey of 16 contract farmers and 20 non-contract farmers in Kampong Speu province has been undertaken to examine the AKR contract farming scheme arrangements and to identify farmer’s motivations to participate in contract farming and its impact on farmers’ livelihood.</p><p class="IsiAbstract">AKR rice contract farming improves farmers’ livelihood because they get a higher income and rice yields. Higher price, good rice seed, and access to market are the main reasons for farmers to participate in AKR contract farming. However, strict requirements, heavy penalties, poor extension services, and lack of information about the contract terms and conditions reduce farmers’ long-term participation in contract farming. In addition, contract farmers have less bargaining power to negotiate with the company due to the absence of a farmer association.</p><p class="IsiAbstract">Overall, the status of contract farming inCambodiaclearly points to the great potential for its expansion in the future. However, for this to be realized and for the benefits to be shared fairly between companies and the farmers themselves, the study concludes that issues about the role of the government, the regulatory framework, contract enforcement, and the formation of small-scale farmer organizations must all be addressed.</p
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