New national potato genotypes: yield response to different doses of 4-14-8 NPK fertilizer

<div><p>ABSTRACT The fertilization of potato crops generally does not take into account the genotype, although genotypes may respond differently to fertilization. This study aimed to determine the yield of new potato genotypes (cultivar BRS Camila and clone CL 02-05), as well as the cultivar Ágata, submitted to four NPK 4-14-8 fertilizer doses (0, 2, 4 and 6 t ha-1) in the crop seasons of 2013/14 and 2014/15. We evaluated the total and marketable tuber yield, total and marketable tuber number, percentage of marketable tuber dry weight, average marketable tuber weight and plant growth period. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plot scheme, with fertilizer doses allocated as main plots and genotypes as subplots, with three replications. We did not observe significant interaction for any analyzed variable. The clone CL 02-05 showed higher total and marketable tuber yield compared to the other cultivars, mainly due to its higher production of tuber number. However, we observed a high amount of tubers not suited for commercialization from the clone CL 02-05. Cultivar BRS Camila produced fewer marketable tubers than cultivar Ágata in crop season 2014/15, but without difference in marketable yield. On the other hand, plants of cultivar BRS Camila had a longer growth period of 7 days and the tubers of this cultivar accumulated higher percentage of dry weight compared to cultivar Ágata. The new tested genotypes had yield response similar to cultivar Ágata when submitted to doses of 4-14-8 NPK fertilizer. Therefore, the fertilization management of these new genotypes may be similar to that used with cultivar Ágata.</p></div

Performance of potato cultivars grown in the organic production system

ABSTRACT In this study we evaluated the performance of potato cultivars in the organic production system, aiming to identify those more productive and less damaged by Phytophthora infestans and Diabrotica speciosa. The experiment was conducted during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Cultivars Ágata, Aracy Ruiva, Vitória, Clara, Eliza, Catucha and Cris were assessed for severity and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of P. infestans, external holes and internal galleries caused by D. speciosa, and tuber yield. Most cultivars reacted positively to P. infestans and D. speciosa. ‘Ágata’ was the most susceptible cultivar, with P. infestans severity close to 100% and AUDPC significantly higher than the other cultivars. D. speciosa larvae external damages were more intense in ‘Eliza’ than in ‘Clara’ and ‘Catucha’. ‘Eliza’ was also among the most internally damaged cultivars in both years, while ‘Catucha’ and ‘Vitória’ were among the least internally damaged. The results indicate ‘Catucha’ and ‘Clara’ as the most suitable for organic cultivation among the studied materials.</div

Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes in L. braziliensis lesions

<p>Pathway enrichment analysis. Excel spreadsheet showing pathways and their enrichment score from Fig. 2b found by GSEA to be enriched 16 fold (FDR ≤ 1%) in L. braziliensis lesions, relative to normal skin. Functionally related pathways manually grouped together for simplified representation in Fig. 2b are shown as a separate tab in the spreadsheet. Abbreviations: GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis; FDR, false discovery rate.</p

Transcriptional profiling of human Leishmania braziliensis skin lesions

<p>Normalized, batch corrected Log2 gene expression data and average Log2 FC for 20,942 genes across all 35 skin samples (10 normal, 8 early lesions, 17 late lesions) represented by one or more probesets from the Illumina HT-12v4 beadarray.</p> <p>Abbreviations: FC, fold-change.</p

Differentially expressed genes comparing L. braziliensis skin lesions with normal skin controls

<p>Log2 expression and average Log2 FC for 2,028 genes across all 35 skin samples (10 normal, 8 early lesions, 17 late lesions) differentially expressed with a FC ≥ 2 and FDR ≤ 1%. Abbreviations: FC, fold-change; FDR, false discovery rate.</p

Comparison of the L. braziliensis transcriptiome with published psoriasis datasets

<p>Comparison of transcriptional responses in L. braziliensis lesions with published psoriasis meta-analysis. Log2 FC in gene expression between skin lesion and normal control skin for 17,070 genes in common between the L. braziliensis data and published psoriasis ‘MAD3’ data. Rank order is shown for both Leishmania and psoriasis data in which genes were ranked from most highly upregulated in lesion (rank = 1) to most downregulated in lesion (rank = 17,070). Abbreviations: FC, fold change</p

Establishment of a cohort of HC of CL patients in <i>L. braziliensis</i> endemic area.

<p>Establishment of a cohort of HC of CL patients in <i>L. braziliensis</i> endemic area.</p

Demographic and epidemiologic features of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and household contacts with and without evidence of immune response to leishmania antigen.

<p>Values with identical superscripts are significantly different. Statistical tests and p-values are below.</p><p>P-values for pair-wise Bonferroni post-hoc tests:</p>a<p> = 0.002,</p>b<p> = 0.004,</p>c<p> = 0.005,</p>d<p> = 0.003,</p>e<p> = 0.009,</p>f<p><0.001.</p>*<p>one-way ANOVA test.</p>**<p>Pearson's chi-square test.</p>***<p>before 4:00 pm.</p

Correlation between IFN-γ and CXCL10 production to soluble <i>Leishmania</i> antigen.

<p>The data was obtained from 54 household contacts (HC) with evidence of immune response and 51 household contacts without evidence of immune response which were selected among individuals living in the same households as HC with evidence of immune response. Values of IFN-γ (pg/ml) and CXCL10 (pg/ml) from 105 HC were plotted in <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001947#pntd-0001947-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3</a> and these data were analyzed by the Spearman correlation test. P<0.0001, r = 0,74.</p

IL-17 neutralization reverses the pathology induced after blockade of IL-10R signaling.

<p>C57BL/6, or <i>Il-10^−/−</i> mice were infected intradermally with <i>L. major</i> metacyclic promastigotes. Either isotype, anti-IL-10R or anti-IL-17 or both mAbs were administrated at day-1 and twice weekly during 4 weeks. Lesion development was assessed by measuring ear thickness (A, F). Values represent mean induration in mm (mean ± SEM) of 5 mice per group. Numbers of parasites in ear lesions were quantified using limiting dilution assays at 6 and 5 wk after infection (B, F). Mean ± SEM parasite numbers are shown as individual parasite counts per ear. Bar graph showing number of Ly6G⁺ cells per ear (C). Level of cytokines was measured in supernatants from <i>in vitro</i> stimulated draining lymph node cells with <i>L. major</i> FTAg (D, E) (ND: not detectable). (G) H&E staining of histological sections of paraffin-embedded ears at 6 wks of infection showing epithelial hyperplasia (head arrow), leukocyte infiltration in epidermis (black arrows) and localized neutrophils infiltration in deep dermis marked as * in the anti-IL-10R treated sections (Bars, 100 µm; EP: epidermis, D: dermis). The data shown are from one experiment and are representative of at least three experiments (*, <i>p</i><0.05).</p