HUBUNGAN ORAL HIGIENE INDEX (OHI) DENGAN PROBING POCKET DEPTH (PPD) DAN LOSS OF ATTACHMENT (LOA) PADA LANJUT USIA

Periodontal disease is an inflammation of the gingival tissues supporting the teeth, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. Risk factors include age, gender, oral hygiene,the number of remaining teeth, smoking, knowledge, attitudes, practices in relation to periodontal status assessed by Probing Pocket Depth and Loss of Attachment has not been widely studied. Purpose of this study to prove association between oral hygiene with Probing Pocket Depth and Loss of Attachment.This study is an observational research with cross sectional design. The population study was the elderly aged e†60 years old enrolled in the 5 Posyandu lansia in Wonosari area, with a sample size of 72 people. The data was collected by interview, clinical observation and focus groups discuss. Data were analyzed with chi square test.The results showed that Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) showed a significant association with Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) with p-value = 0,036, 95% CI = 1,199 to 9,110, PR = 3,306. Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) showed a significant association with the Loss of attachment (LOA) with p-value = 0,028, 95% CI = 1,207 to 80,367, PR = 9,848.The conclusions of this study, that poor Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) had a 3,3 times risk of having poor Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and poor Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) had a 9,8times risk of having poor Loss of Attachment (LOA).Based on the results, it is recommended that the elderly need to maintain teeth at least 20 teeth and need to do scaling, scaling is also included in ASKES / Jamkesmas, cooperation with the private sector in public education activities and community service in the form of dental health checks and consultations are needed.Keywords : elderly, periodontal status, risk factors

TINGKAT PARTISIPASI MAHASISWA DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KAWASAN TANPA ROKOK (KTR) DI UNIVERSITAS DIAN NUSWANTORO SEMARANG

Penelitian ini meneliti hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap tentang implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di Universitas Dian Nuswantoro. Survei awal berdasarkan pengamatan penelitimenunjukkan partisipasi siswa yang rendah dalam implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok. Daerah yang seharusnya bebas asap rokok, tetapi masih ditemukan perokok. Penelitian ini merupakan survei cross sectional . Responden adalah 96 mahasiswa aktif . Data primer meliputi karakteristik responden , pengetahuan, sikap dan partisipasi yang diukur denganwawancara. Data sekunder diperoleh dari profil UDINUS. Data dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif dan dengan uji chi square. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 83,3% responden memilikipengetahuan yang baik, sebesar 93,8% responden memiliki sikap yang baik, sebesar 83,3% responden memiliki partisipasi kurang pada implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok. Analisisbivariat menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok dengan tingkat partisipasi dalam implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok ( p value = 0,065 ), tidak ada hubungan antara sikap tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok dengan tingkatpartisipasi dalam implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok ( p value = 0,585 ). Berdasarkanpenelitian, perlu penelitian kualitatif tentang pendapat perokok untuk bersama-sama mewujudkan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di kampus, karena sebagian besar perokok tergolong berusia muda, sosialisasi tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di UDINUS kepada dosen dan mahasiswa dan dibutuhkan penegakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok pada kampus dalam bentuk pengawasan di area kampus dan meningkatkan peran mahasiswa melalui kelompok sebaya.Kata kunci: partisipasi, mahasiswa, implementasi, Kawasan Tanpa Roko

TINJAUAN KEAKURATAN KODE TOPOGRAFI KASUS NEOPLASMA DI RUMAH SAKIT BHAYANGKARA SEMARANG

Coding is an activity to determine the diagnosis code and action based on the diagnosis and action given by the doctor to the patient carried out by the coder. Determination of neoplasm codes will produce topographic codes that contain the location of neoplasm and morphological codes that show the nature and behavior of neoplasms. Bhayangkara Hospital in Semarang has not implemented a morphological codes so that the code for neoplasm currently only uses topographic codes. This study aims to describe the accuracy of the topographic code of the main diagnosis of neoplasms in Bhayangkara Hospital Semarang. This study was conducted in March 2019 at Bhayangkara Hospital Semarang by observing medical record documents of neoplasm cases and interviews with coding officers. Data processing is done by editing, tabulating, cross check and analizing data. The research shows that there are 50% of topographical code is accurate and 50% topographical code is inaccurate. Inaccuracy of topographical code occurred because there is no policy the implementation of morphological code, because the morphological code does not affect the rates of health services and because the writing of the diagnosis is unreadable. Keyword : Coding neoplasms, topographic codes, accurac

The willingness of COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors: A systematic review

Aim: Vaccination is an effective approach to avoid infection and reduce morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. However, in previous infectious disease vaccination programs, some people were hesitant to get vaccinated. To develop an effective vaccination program or policy, the government or public health officials need to understand the factors that influence the willingness of COVID-19 vaccination from the various studies. Methods: Between 1-18 December 2020, articles were searched from PubMed and ScienceDirect with the following key terms: Willingness, Acceptance, Acceptability, COVID-19 vaccine, and COVID-19 vaccination.  Eligibility for article inclusion criteria was determined by PRISMA. Results: 20 studies were included in this review. All studies were conducted in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. The willingness of COVID-19 vaccination ranged from 60-97% among the general population, 28-63% among healthcare workers, 56-65% among parents or caregivers, and 73% among factory workers. The common factors that affected the willingness of COVID-19 vaccination:  gender, age, education, individual perception about diseases and the vaccine, trust in the government, statements of public health officials and health providers. Conclusion: Concerns about disease risk, effectiveness, and side effects are important factors associated with vaccination willingness. To avoid vaccination hesitancy in the community, public health officials need to disseminate detailed information about the vaccines like efficacy level and side effects, and continue to provide information about the risks of COVID-19 for personal health and others through various online media to avoid vaccination hesitancy

KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH KADER JUMANTIK DI PUSKESMAS GAYAMSARI SEMARANG

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) disebarkan oleh virus dengue oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Hasil survei di Puskesmas Gayamsari Semarang pada 2 tahun terakhir kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) mengalami peningkatan. Mengingat kader sebagai tenaga sukarela dari masyarakat maka perlu keikutsertaan kader untuk memecahkan permasalahan Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di wilayahnya. Kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh kader Jumantik dalam pemecahan masalahpenyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) diharapkan mampu menurunkan angka kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah DBD oleh kader Jumantik.Jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan menggunakan metode survei dan pendekatan cross sectional. Besar sampel sebanyak 111 orang, melalui Proportional Random Sampling. Uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah korelasi Rank Spearman dan Chi Square.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar kemampuan pemecahan masalah DBD oleh kader jumantik memiliki kemampuan kurang baik (50,5 %). Dari hasil uji statistik didapatkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan (p=0,003 rho=0,278), akumulasi pelatihan (p=0,0001 rho=0,894), lama kerja (p=0,0001 rho=0,804) menunjukkan ada hubungan dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah DBD oleh kader jumantik, umur (p=0,305), status pekerjaan (p=0,209) menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah DBD oleh kader jumantik.Peningkatan kemampuan kader melalui pelatihan, pemantauan dan pengarahan dari pihak Puskesmas secara rutin dan berulang-ulang diharapkan kader mampu menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya.Kata Kunci : kader jumantik, kemampuan pemecahan masala

POKET PERIODONTAL PADA BURUH PEROKOK

Background. Periodontal disease is a disease of the tissues supporting the teeth. Clinical signs of periodontitis is the presence of gingival inflammation, swelling interdental papillae, formation of pocket / gingival pocket and gingival recession. The increase of periodontal disease prevalence in smokers caused by poor oral hygiene and late diagnosis.Method. Reseach objective was to prove the factors that related to periodontal pocket. Study design was cross-sectional. The study population were 85 labours of loading and unloading at the Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang, the collection of data through interviews and clinical observations. Data were analyzed by chi-square test with 95 % Confidence Interval and Prevalence Ratio were calculated. Results. The results showed all respondents have periodontal pocket with an average depth of pocket were 1.4 mm. The proportion of periodontal pocket depth more than 1.4 mm (50.6%) and less than 1.4 mm (49.4%) were almost comparable. Factors significantly associated with periodontal pocket were the duration of smoking (p-value 0.04, 95% CI = 1.037 to 5.941; PR = 2.482), oral hygiene (p-value 0.023, 95% CI = 1.143 - 13.311; PR = 3.9), and saliva buffer capacity (p-value 0.011, 95% CI = 1.283 to 7.984; PR = 3.2). Conclusion. Smoke have a greater risk of periodontal pocket, therefore smokers should be given health education on dental and oral health maintenance in the form of brushing and regular dental plaque cleaning (scaling). Smokers need to reduce the number of cigarettes that smoked or quit smoking

Kesesuaian Lama Perawatan dengan Standar Clinical Pathway pada Kasus Hematologi dengan Tindakan Kemoterapi Pasien BPJS Non PBI di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Kota Semarang

The indicators for assessing the efficiency of inpatient health care is Length Of Stay (LOS). This study analyzed appropriateness the length of stay (LOS) and clinical pathway standar of non PBI-BPJS patient cases of hematology with chemotherapy in 2015. This was descriptive study,  data collected by observation. The research object were medical record documents and casemix data.Based on results study, the most of age was 0-10 years old (36%), female (61%), main diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (80%), without secondary diagnosis (53,2%),  in third severity level (87%), and length of stay was 0 -10 days (47%). The length of stay that appropriate with the standard in hospital (60%) was higher than length of stay that inappropriate of clinical pathway standard (40%).The percentage of the value of claim losses reached 57,8% and the remaining 42,2% was an advantage. The percentage of the losses, were mostly occured on appropriate clinical pathways length of stay (85%) than inappropriate clinical pathways length of stay (16%), despite the losses occured, the advantages that obtained were more than the disadvantages.Therefore, clinical pathways need to be implemented properly in order to avoid the loss in the value of the BPJS claim.Keyword : length of stay, clinical pathways, BPJS claim, hematolog

FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STATUS PERIODONTAL PADA LANJUT USIA (Studi Kasus di Posyandu Lanjut Usia Kelurahan Wonosari Kota Semarang Tahun 2011)

Penyakit periodontal merupakan peradangan pada jaringan pendukung gigi yaitu gingiva, ligamen periodontal, sementum dan tulang alveolar. Faktor-faktor risiko antara lain umur, jenis kelamin, higiene mulut, pH plak, pH saliva, buffer saliva, jumlah gigi tersisa, merokok, pengetahuan, sikap, praktik dalam kaitannya dengan status periodontal yang dinilai menurut Bleeding on Probing, Probing Pocket Depth, Loss of Attachment, Furcation Invovement dan Tooth Mobility belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi studi adalah lanjut usia berumur ≥ 60 tahun yang terdaftar dalam 5 Posyandu Lanjut Usia di wilayah Kelurahan Wonosari, dengan sampel sebanyak 72 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi klinis dan diskusi kelompok terarah. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi square dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara lanjut usia > 65 tahun (nilai p = 0,021, 95% CI= 1,210-9,885, PR = 3,5) dan jumlah gigi tersisa < 20 (nilai p = 0,004, 95% CI= 1,667-15,936, PR = 5,2) dengan status periodontal pada lanjut usia. Variabel lainnya yaitu jenis kelamin, higiene mulut, pH plak, pH saliva tidak distimulasi, pH saliva distimulasi, buffer saliva, status merokok, pengetahuan tentang penyakit periodontal dan pencegahannya, sikap tentang penyakit periodontal dan pencegahannya, praktik tentang penyakit periodontal dan pencegahannya tidak berhubungan dengan status periodontal pada lanjut usia. Simpulan dari penelitian ini, bahwa lanjut usia > 65 tahun mempunyai risiko 3,5 kali mengalami status periodontal buruk dibanding lanjut usia dini (≤ 65 tahun) dan jumlah gigi tersisa 65 tahun dan jumlah gigi tersisa < 20 mengalami status periodontal buruk adalah 26,2%. Dalam studi kualitatif dengan FGD menunjukkan istilah penyakit periodontal tidak dikenal, tetapi penyakit gusi, dan penyakit ini dianggap tidak terlalu penting, perawatan seperti skeling tidak dilakukan dan pengobatan dilakukan secara tradisional. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan lanjut usia perlu mempertahankan gigi geliginya minimal 20 gigi dan perlu melakukan skeling sejak dini, skeling juga sebaiknya dimasukkan dalam ASKES/ Jamkesmas dan perlu adanya kerjasama dengan pihak swasta dalam kegiatan pendidikan kepada masyarakat dan pengabdian masyarakat dalam bentuk pemeriksaan kesehatan dan konsultasi gigi. Kata kunci : lanjut usia, status periodontal, faktor risik

FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN DAN PERILAKU MASYARAKAT DENGAN KEJADIAN LEPTOSPIROSIS DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS KEDUNGMUNDU SEMARANG

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic microorganisme known as Leptospira interrograns. In 2011 the death rate or the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) in Indonesia reached 9.57%. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between environment and behavior with the occurrence of leptospirosis in the Puskesmas Kedungmundu Semarang. The research used survey methods and case-control approach. Total sample were 46 respondents by taking all leptospirosis patients in the Puskesmas Kedungmundu Semarang in the period 2010-2012. Data analysis using Chi Square test. The results showed that the majority of respondents had poor condition (91.3%), poor condition of gutter (58.7%), there was a puddle of water around the house (8.7%), respondents do not wear PPE (boots) when contact with water/mud/dirt (78.3%), respondents do not always wash their feet and hands (6.5%). Statistical test results showed that there were no relationship between the condition of the trash with leptospirosis incidence (p = 0.036 and OR = 2.21), there was a correlation between the condition of the gutter with leptospirosis incidence (p = 0.007 and OR = 5.6), there was a correlation between the puddle of water around the house with leptospirosis incidence (p = 0.036 and OR = 2.21), no association between the use of PPE (boots) with leptospirosis incidence (p = 0.032 and OR = 5.6) and there was no relationship between the habit of washing the feet and hand with leptospirosis incidence (p = 0.073 and OR = 0.465). Advice should be given to the public in order to cover the trash, immediately dispose of the waste pile, diligently cleaning gutter, keep the house and the surrounding environment, especially the puddle of water around the house and wear PPE (boots) on contact with water/mud/dirt especially when community service or cleaning gutter