Research on citizens’ behavior in relation to the use of re-use centers and re-use points

The article explores the attitudes and behavior of Czech consumers aged 18+ towards the adoption of secondhand goods within the framework of the circular economy. While the European Union’s Circular economy action plan emphasizes sustainable production and consumption, consumer resistance to re-used goods remains a barrier. The exploratory study aims to identify the perception/attitude/relationship of the Czech population towards the purchase of used items. Detailed knowledge of the customer is an elementary base for the market of re-used products to grow. The research objective is divided into three partial objectives: identifying the main customer segments in secondhand markets, evaluating the reasons for and against purchasing re- used items, and assessing the perceived suitability of various product categories for secondhand trading. Conducted in June 2024, the research involved an online survey of 1,300 respondents across the Czech Republic. Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB) was employed to structure the questionnaire, while data analysis utilized Pearson’s χ²-test of independence to examine relationships between categorical variables. In some instances, complementary methods were employed. The findings indicate that younger consumers and those actively employed are more inclined to purchase re-used goods, while older individuals and pensioners show higher reluctance. Cars, art, and books were viewed as highly suitable for secondhand markets, whereas casual footwear was ranked lower. The results also suggest that Czech consumers are generally open to the secondhand market and each product category has corresponding group of customers who find the product suitable to sell. This research contributes to the literature on the circular economy by highlighting how targeted business and marketing strategies can address consumer resistance, ultimately fostering sustainable consumption

Training of teachers for teaching in the conditions of distance education

An effective distance learning form should use detailed and particularly careful planning of the educational process. The organization of distance learning should have clear objectives and goals regarding the conditions of the educational process. Communication and interactive technologies, effective feedback between the student and the teacher are of great importance in distance education. The use of a modular system in distance education makes it possible to improve its quality control. The success of distance education depends on the level of motivation of students in acquiring new knowledge and skills. To improve the effectiveness of quality control in distance education, the level of training of teachers and their ability to motivate students to educational activities is important. A modern teacher should be able to use modern information and pedagogical technologies and constantly improve the level of his professional competence

Stimuli of global social networks and their influence on users’ shopping behavior

Research background: The paper addresses the business potential of social networks and the impact of incentives on the purchase behaviour of consumers. Social networks are the fastest growing marketing tool in the world with more than 4 billion users worldwide. These global platforms offer new tools, encourage interactivity, and allow consumers to participate in product marketing thanks to sharing their own content. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is a series of recommendations for small and micro businesses with a global audience. These recommendations are focused on the right choice of the marketing mix on social networks in order to optimize communication and sales activities. Methods: The paper is based on a qualitative methods of focus groups and semi-structured interviews in order to characterize the perception of marketing incentives by users of these networks. The respondents of the research are users aged 18-25, which is also the most numerous group of active participants in social commerce. Findings & Value added: The most significant incentives influencing customers' shopping behavior on social networks include interactivity (communicating with friends, commenting, and liking), content quality, content personalization, technological simplification of purchasing and reducing the number of steps required to purchase. An important component entering the decision-making process is social and ethical marketing, which is more transparent than ever

Methods of eliminating waste from food packaging as a globalization tool

The article deals with possible ways of elimination of waste from food packaging. It focuses on eliminating packaging waste through unpackaged food stores and the zero waste concept. Elimination of any waste in the form of packaging is an important element of protection and reducing the burden on the environment, and in this context also important element of globalization. The methodological approach is based on a field survey in the form of interviews with customers of a selected packaging-free shop and research aimed at identifying awareness and the use of packaging-free stores among the general public. The survey also included a comparison of prices of selected foods in the packaging shop and three hypermarkets. The aim of the article is to propose other possible ways to reduce packaging waste when buying food. The survey found that customers from 21 to 30 years old are most likely to shop in unpacked stores. The main reason for buying in unpacked shops is for most customers the effort to reduce the man-made environmental burden and the higher quality of the products sold. The most frequently mentioned disadvantage of this way of buying food is the limited range of products.</jats:p

Methods of eliminating waste from food packaging as a globalization tool

The article deals with possible ways of elimination of waste from food packaging. It focuses on eliminating packaging waste through unpackaged food stores and the zero waste concept. Elimination of any waste in the form of packaging is an important element of protection and reducing the burden on the environment, and in this context also important element of globalization. The methodological approach is based on a field survey in the form of interviews with customers of a selected packaging-free shop and research aimed at identifying awareness and the use of packaging-free stores among the general public. The survey also included a comparison of prices of selected foods in the packaging shop and three hypermarkets. The aim of the article is to propose other possible ways to reduce packaging waste when buying food. The survey found that customers from 21 to 30 years old are most likely to shop in unpacked stores. The main reason for buying in unpacked shops is for most customers the effort to reduce the man-made environmental burden and the higher quality of the products sold. The most frequently mentioned disadvantage of this way of buying food is the limited range of products

Legal regulation of information and communications technologies as specific forms of production factor for capital in food industry

Information and communication technologies are one of factors that markedly influence agricultural primary production and food industry as well as all other branches of the national economy. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse an effect of Community legal regulations for electronic transactions on resource utility

Stimuli of global social networks and their influence on users’ shopping behavior

Research background: The paper addresses the business potential of social networks and the impact of incentives on the purchase behaviour of consumers. Social networks are the fastest growing marketing tool in the world with more than 4 billion users worldwide. These global platforms offer new tools, encourage interactivity, and allow consumers to participate in product marketing thanks to sharing their own content. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is a series of recommendations for small and micro businesses with a global audience. These recommendations are focused on the right choice of the marketing mix on social networks in order to optimize communication and sales activities. Methods: The paper is based on a qualitative methods of focus groups and semi-structured interviews in order to characterize the perception of marketing incentives by users of these networks. The respondents of the research are users aged 18-25, which is also the most numerous group of active participants in social commerce. Findings &amp; Value added: The most significant incentives influencing customers' shopping behavior on social networks include interactivity (communicating with friends, commenting, and liking), content quality, content personalization, technological simplification of purchasing and reducing the number of steps required to purchase. An important component entering the decision-making process is social and ethical marketing, which is more transparent than ever.</jats:p

Significance of The Regional Product Labelling for Sustainable Development in Context of Globalization

Research background: Impacts of the environmental burden on our society are more and more acute. Especially in context of globalization and recent COVID-19 Pandemic, principles, instruments and forms of enviromental policies are crucial for an effective solution of the situation. It is necessary to apply these policies at local, state and global levels. Purpose of the article: Effective communication, well aimed propaganda and relevant feed back can be considered as useful tools of action. As one of the best suitable instruments for an effective influence of citizens can be seen the use of quality labels given on the consumer products in order to support local and state economy and social integration with direct influence on territorial cohesion. In the same time, environmental education of citizens can be achieved. Methods: Data used in this article has been gained through a questionnaire analysis, focusing on the attitudes of respondents towards quality labels and their knowledge and preferences during their shopping decisions. Quality logos shall therefore contribute to an easier orientation on the market. Rules for the coplementary logos granting must be incommutable while respecting the evidently positive impact on sustainable teritorial development. Findings & Value added: In context with the recent COVID-19 Pandemic, when the Czech as well as global economy will be weakend, is in the highest interest of each state to run a healthy economic strategy. And only a just support of small and middle enterprise, with a positive appeal on patriotism and sense of belonging together will play a key role. As confirmed recently, dependence on foreign imports is ineffective and undesirable, causing negative impacts on citizens lives

Significance of The Regional Product Labelling for Sustainable Development in Context of Globalization

Research background: Impacts of the environmental burden on our society are more and more acute. Especially in context of globalization and recent COVID-19 Pandemic, principles, instruments and forms of enviromental policies are crucial for an effective solution of the situation. It is necessary to apply these policies at local, state and global levels. Purpose of the article: Effective communication, well aimed propaganda and relevant feed back can be considered as useful tools of action. As one of the best suitable instruments for an effective influence of citizens can be seen the use of quality labels given on the consumer products in order to support local and state economy and social integration with direct influence on territorial cohesion. In the same time, environmental education of citizens can be achieved. Methods: Data used in this article has been gained through a questionnaire analysis, focusing on the attitudes of respondents towards quality labels and their knowledge and preferences during their shopping decisions. Quality logos shall therefore contribute to an easier orientation on the market. Rules for the coplementary logos granting must be incommutable while respecting the evidently positive impact on sustainable teritorial development. Findings &amp; Value added: In context with the recent COVID-19 Pandemic, when the Czech as well as global economy will be weakend, is in the highest interest of each state to run a healthy economic strategy. And only a just support of small and middle enterprise, with a positive appeal on patriotism and sense of belonging together will play a key role. As confirmed recently, dependence on foreign imports is ineffective and undesirable, causing negative impacts on citizens lives.</jats:p

The solution of the transport problem by the method of the smallest element based on the use of complex numbers in the algorithm

To determine whether a transport problem has a solution , you can use the Lagrange multiplier method . To do this, it is advisable to replace variables so that the objective function is a sum of exponentials. The peculiarity of the sum of exponents is that the principal diagonal minors of the Hessian of the sum of exponents are positive quantities , and therefore the sum of exponents has an extremum and this extremum is the minimum. Solutions of large - dimensional transport tasks are of great practical importance for optimizing transportation schedules by transport enterprises . There are several algorithms for solving this problem, but the development of other methods for solving the transport problem that would use computing power more efficiently deserves attention. The method proposed in this paper for solving the transport problem based on the use of complex numbers in the algorithm makes it simpler and more visual for practical application