Computational Approaches and Analysis for a Spatio-Structural-Temporal Invasive Carcinoma Model

Spatio-temporal models have long been used to describe biological systems of cancer, but it has not been until very recently that increased attention has been paid to structural dynamics of the interaction between cancer populations and the molecular mechanisms associated with local invasion. One system that is of particular interest is that of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) wherein uPA binds uPA receptors on the cancer cell surface, allowing plasminogen to be cleaved into plasmin, which degrades the extracellular matrix and this way leads to enhanced cancer cell migration. In this paper, we develop a novel numerical approach and associated analysis for spatio-structuro-temporal modelling of the uPA system for up to two-spatial and two-structural dimensions. This is accompanied by analytical exploration of the numerical techniques used in simulating this system, with special consideration being given to the proof of stability within numerical regimes encapsulating a central differences approach to approximating numerical gradients. The stability analysis performed here reveals instabilities induced by the coupling of the structural binding and proliferative processes. The numerical results expound how the uPA system aids the tumour in invading the local stroma, whilst the inhibitor to this system may impede this behaviour and encourage a more sporadic pattern of invasion.PostprintPeer reviewe

Structured models of cell migration incorporating molecular binding processes

The dynamic interplay between collective cell movement and the various molecules involved in the accompanying cell signalling mechanisms plays a crucial role in many biological processes including normal tissue development and pathological scenarios such as wound healing and cancer. Information about the various structures embedded within these processes allows a detailed exploration of the binding of molecular species to cell-surface receptors within the evolving cell population. In this paper we establish a general spatio-temporal-structural framework that enables the description of molecular binding to cell membranes coupled with the cell population dynamics. We first provide a general theoretical description for this approach and then illustrate it with two examples arising from cancer invasion

Formulation Study of Topical Lotion from Zodia Leaf Extract (Evodia suaveolens) Against Aedes Aegypty

Abstract Zodia is a typical plant from Papua that is traditionally used by the community to repel mosquitoes. The content of essential oils in zodia leaf is linalool and α-pinena which is able to repel mosquitoes. The aim of this study was to make a formula and physical evaluation of lotions from zodia leaf extracts. Lotion of Zodia leaf was formulated using the fusion method. Evaluation of lotion preparations includes organoleptic, pH, spreadability, stickiness, viscosity and protection. The results of the lotion evaluation from leaf extract obtained F I as a placebo that organoleptic white, odorless, semisolid, PH 7, homogeneous, does not appear red stains, spreadability 6.3 cm, stickiness 2.3 seconds, viscosity 6.67. F II has a light green organoleptic, characteristic odor, semisolid, PH 7, homogeneous, does not arise red stains, spreadability 7 cm, stickiness 1.5 seconds, Viscosity 5.3. FIII has a brownish green Organoleptic, distinctive odor, semisolid, PH 7, homogeneous, does not appear red stain, spreadability 5.9 cm, stickiness 1.2 seconds, viscosity 6.0. FIV has a brownish green organoleptic, distinctive odor, semisolid, PH 6, homogeneous, does not appear red stain, spreadability 5.2 cm, stickiness 1.3 seconds, viscosity 6.33. These four has qualified physical evaluations as lotions. The Result of repellency of lotion from Zodia leaf extract against Aedes aegypty at a concentration of 25% with a repellency 75%.</jats:p

Hubungan Pola Perilaku Terhadap Cemaran Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus Pada Santan Es Dawet Di Kecamatan Klaten Tengah

Es dawet adalah jajanan tradisional yang masih banyak diminati masyarakat. Salah satu bahan es dawet adalah santan. Dalam pengolahannya santan dapat terkontaminasi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Kontaminasi dapat berasal dari perilaku personal hygiene dan sanitasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola perilaku pedagang dan hubungannya dengan cemaran bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional yang dianalisis secara dekriptif dan analitik. Pola perilaku pedagang diidentifikasi melalui pengamatan dan wawancara terbuka. Sedangkan Nilai cemaran bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dilakukan pengujian dengan cawan sebar dan menggunakan media MSA. Hasilnya akan dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Fisher menggunakan signifikansi 95%. Sebanyak 16,67% pedagang berperilaku baik, 50% berperilaku cukup baik dan 33,33% berperilaku buruk. Pedagang dengan perilaku buruk kesemuanya memiliki cemaran bakteri Staphylococcus aureus &gt;100 koloni/g dengan jumlah koloni 19,667 x 103 koloni/g santan dan 23,333 x 103 koloni/g santan sedangkan yang berperilaku baik dan cukup baik memiliki nilai cemaran bakteri Staphylococcus aureus &lt;100 koloni/g. Hasil bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pola perilaku pedagang terhadap cemaran bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai P hasil 0,044&lt;0,05. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pola perilaku pedagang terhadap nilai cemaran bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Ekstrak Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) pada Sediaan Gel terhadap Stabilitas Fisik

Averrhoa bilimbi L. was used as an anti-acne drug. The content offlavonoid compounds in fruit have antibacterial activity. There were several waysfor utilization of Averrhoa bilimbi L. among others, made some preparations,especially gel formulation. Gel formulations made with HPMC base and add fruitextract 15%, 20%, and 25%. Fruit extract obtained from meserasi fruit Averrhoabilimbi L with 70% ethanol. The gel that has been made is then carried outquality control test such as organoleptic test, pH test, sticky test, spreading test,protection test and physical stability test by stressed condition. Organoleptic testresult, pH test, protection power test, and stability test analyzed descriptively. Theresults of sticky test and scatter power were analyzed with ANOVA with 95%confidence level. The result of this research showed that in the test of spreadingof formula II has good with mean of spreading value was 6,6 before stability testand 6.49 after stability test. In the protection test does not appear red stain. itmean the gel was able to provide protection of the skin

Bioaccumulation Of Lead (Plumbum) In Red Tilapia Fish From The Jombor Swamp

Abstract Lead (Plumbum, chemically known as Pb) is a dangerous heavy metal usually found in daily activities, such as fuel. Jombor swamp is located in Krakitan village, Bayat, Klaten. Daily routines by people inside or around the swamp cause a lot of pollution, which came from the waste of floating shops, agricultures, households, and fisheries. The purpose of this research was to analyze lead concentration inside the meat of red tilapia fish (oreochromis sp) in Jombor swamp. This research used an observational method, which means that researchers did not investigate the effect of intervention. The samples were taken with cluster sampling method consisting of 3 clusters. They included north cluster I, east cluster II and south cluster III. 25 grams of samples taken from each cluster, in which the fishes were cultured in Jombor swamp for 3 months with the same size. The analysis was conducted with atomic absorbance spectrophotometer, and the data obtained were processed with computerization spectrophotometry method of atomic absorption and the data are processed with computerization programme to examine the mean and deviation standard. This research found that the median of cluster I was 1,45275 mg/kg, cluster II was 0,3143 mg/kg and cluster III was 0,3129 mg/kg. Conclusion: meat of red tilapia fishes cultured in Culture I Jombor swamp positively contained lead as many as 1,45275 mg/kg with safety limit of 0,2 mg/kg.</jats:p

Standarisasi Spesifik Dan Non Spesifik Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Dandang Gendis (Clinacanthus Nutans)

The leaves of dandang gendis (Clinacanthus nutans) have several pharmacological activities including antioxidants, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immune system boosting, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-venom (scorpion), and there is even cosmetic use. The purpose of this research was to see the test results for specific and non-specific parameters of the ethyl acetate extract of dandang gendis leaves (Clinacanthus nutans).This research is descriptive quantitative in nature and was carried out in an experimental laboratory. This research began with the maceration of 500 grams of dandang gendis leaf powder using 2000 ml ethyl acetate solvent while stirring every 24 hours, filtered with a flannel cloth, and evaporated until thick with a water bath. The parameters tested were the identity of the extract, organoleptic, parameters of air and ethanol dissolved compounds, chemical content of the extract, determination of air content, determination of drying losses, and specific gravity.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of dandang gendis leaves with the expression of the extract in the form of a thick extract, blackish green color, bitter taste, and characteristic aromatic odor; ethanol soluble compound content 21.881% ± 1.256; air-soluble compound content 21.959% ± 0.992; the chemical group indication indicates the presence of flavonoids, tannins and saponins; water content 14,915% ± 3,789; shrinkage in drying 29.105% ± 1.763; specific gravity 1.04 g / ml ± 0.0023. Extracts based on standardization testers include specific and non-specific parameters taking care of standardization of raw material quality

Multiscale analysis and modelling for cancer growth and development

In this chapter we present a novel framework that enables a rigorous analysis of processes occurring on three (or more) independent scales (e.g. intracellular, cellular, tissue). We give details of the establishment of this new multiscale concept and discuss a number of important fundamental properties that follow. This framework also offers a new platform for the analysis of a new type of multiscale model for cancer invasion that we propose. This new model focuses on the macroscopic dynamics of the distributions of cancer cells and of the surrounding extracellularmatrix and its connection with themicroscale dynamics of the matrix degrading enzymes, produced at the level of the individual cancer cells.</p

Computational Modeling of 3D Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis for Chemotherapy Evaluation

Solid tumors develop abnormally at spatial and temporal scales, giving rise to biophysical barriers that impact anti-tumor chemotherapy. This may increase the expenditure and time for conventional drug pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. In order to facilitate drug discovery, we propose a mathematical model that couples three-dimensional tumor growth and angiogenesis to simulate tumor progression for chemotherapy evaluation. This application-oriented model incorporates complex dynamical processes including cell- and vascular-mediated interstitial pressure, mass transport, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and vessel maturation to model tumor progression through multiple stages including tumor initiation, avascular growth, and transition from avascular to vascular growth. Compared to pure mechanistic models, the proposed empirical methods are not only easy to conduct but can provide realistic predictions and calculations. A series of computational simulations were conducted to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed comprehensive model. The computational simulation results suggest that solid tumor geometry is related to the interstitial pressure, such that tumors with high interstitial pressure are more likely to develop dendritic structures than those with low interstitial pressure