Extraction of Rice Straw Alpha Cellulose Micro/Nano Fibres

Rice straw cellulose a biomass materials, naturally found in abundance. It is low cost, eco-friendly and biodegradable. Alpha cellulose is prepared from rice straw using chemical method namely acid hydrolysis and alkaline treatment. Both of the samples treatments were bleached using sodium chlorite (NaClO2). Alkaline treatment shows higher in producing alpha cellulose, 20.68% rather than 12.20% by acid hydrolysis.</jats:p

Comparative Study of Chemical and Mechanical Treatment Effects on Bacterial Cellulose from Nata de Coco

In this work, bacterial cellulose was obtained from nata de coco. Initially, the samples were subjected to three types of different condition which were raw, chemical treatment and mechanical treatment. Bacterial cellulose was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Bacterial cellulose met the specifications of pure cellulose either using chemical or mechanical treatments proved by IR spectra reading. XRD results indicated that the crystallinity of chemical treatment bacterial cellulose is higher than the mechanical treatment bacterial cellulose which was 68.6% and 59.5% respectively. The FESEM analysis shows that the size of the bacterial cellulose that obtained from chemical treatment is smaller than mechanical treatments which were 19.42μm and 50.35μm.</jats:p

Pre-treatment effect on the structure of bacterial cellulose from Nata de Coco (Acetobacter xylinum)

This paper presents a structural analysis of various methods to produce bacterial cellulose (BC) from Nata de Coco (Acetobacter xyllinum). BC sheet, BC chem and BC mech powder were successfully prepared using oven drying, chemical and mechanical treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to analyze the structure of prepared BC. The structure of bacterial cellulose was compared with the structure of commercial microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cotton fabric. The XRD results showed that the BC sheet sample had the highest degree of crystallinity (81.76%) compared to cotton cellulose (75.73%). The crystallite size of cotton was larger than the BC sheet, with the value of 6.83 ηm and 4.55 ηm, respectively. The peaks in the FTIR spectra of all BC were comparable to the commercial MCC and cotton fabrics. FESEM images showed that the prepared BC sheet, BC mech, and BC chem had an almost similar structure like commercial MCC and cotton fabric. It was concluded that simple preparation of BC could be implemented and used for further BC preparation as reinforcement in polymer composites, especially in food packaging.</jats:p

Wpływ wstępnej obróbki na strukturę celulozy bakteryjnej z Nata de Coco (Acetobacter xylinum)

This paper presents a structural analysis of various methods to produce bacterial cellulose (BC) from Nata de Coco (Acetobacter xylinum). BC sheet, BC chem and BC mech powders were successfully prepared using oven drying, chemical and mechanical treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to analyze the structure of prepared BC. The structure of bacterial cellulose was compared with the structure of commercial microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cotton fabric. The XRD results showed that the BC sheet sample had the highest degree of crystallinity (81.76%) compared to cotton cellulose (75.73%). The crystallite size of cotton was larger than the BC sheet, with the value of 6.83 ηm and 4.55 ηm, respectively. The peaks in the FTIR spectra of all BC were comparable to the commercial MCC and cotton fabrics. FESEM images showed that the prepared BC sheet, BC mech, and BC chem had an almost similar structure like commercial MCC and cotton fabric. It was concluded that simple preparation of BC could be implemented and used for further BC preparation as reinforcement in polymer composites, especially in food packaging.Niniejszy artykuł zawiera analizę struktury celulozy bakteryjnej (BC) wytworzonej z Nata de Coco (Acetobacter xylinum) różnymi metodami. Folia BC i proszki BC chem oraz BC mech zo -stały wytworzone poprzez suszenie w piecu, obróbkę chemiczną i mechaniczną. Do oceny struktury celulozy bakteryjnej stosowano dyfrakcję rentgenowską (XRD), spektroskopię Fouriera w podczerwieni (FTIR) i skaningową mikroskopię elektronową z emisją polową (FESEM). Strukturę celulozy bakteryjnej porównano ze strukturą handlowej celulozy mikrokrystalicznej (MCC) i tkaniny bawełnianej. Wyniki XRD wykazały, że najwyższy stopień krystaliczności miała próbka arkusza BC (81,76%) w porównaniu z celulozą bawełnianą (75,73%). Wielkość krystalitów bawełny była większa niż folii BC i wynosiła, odpowiednio, 6,83 ηm oraz 4,55 ηm. Piki widm FTIR wszystkich otrzymanych form celulozy bakteryjnej były porównywalne z komercyjnymi tkaninami bawełnianymi i z celulozy mikrokrystalicznej. Zdjęcia FESEM folii BC oraz proszków BC mech i BC chem również były podobne do komercyjnej MCC i tkaniny bawełnianej. Stwierdzono, że z wykorzystaniem prostych technik można otrzymać BC, która może być stosowana jako wzmocnienie w kompozytach polimerowych, w szczególności w opakowaniach do żywności