Florida's West Coast inlets: shoreline effects and recommended action

This report responds to the 1986 Beaches Bill which, in recognition of the potential deleterious impact on Florida's beaches of inlets modified for navigation, mandated a study of those inlets with identification of recommended action to reduce the impacts. This report addresses west Coast inlets; East Coast inlets are the subject of a companion report. There are 37 inlets along that portion of Florida's West Coast commencing from Pensacola Bay Entrance to Caxambas Pass at the south end of Marco Island. Compared to those on the East Coast, most West Coast inlets have not had the deleterious effects on the adjacent beaches, yet all modified inlets without proper management have the potential of impacting unfavorably on the adjacent shorelines. Moreover, at present there is interest in opening three West Coast entrances which either have been open in the past (Midnight Pass) or which have opened occasionally (Navarre Pass and Entrance to Phillips Lake). A review of inlets in their natural condition demonstrates the presence of a shallow broad outer bar across which the longshore transport Occurs. These shallow and shifting bar features were unsuitable for navigation which in many cases has led to the deepening of the channels and fixing with one or two jetty structures. Inlets in this modified state along with inappropriate maintenance practices have the potential of placing great ero$ional stress along the adjacent beaches. Moreover. channel dredging can reduce wave sheltering of the shoreline by ebb tidal shoals and alter the equilibrium of the affected shoreline segments. The ultimate in poor sand management practice is the placement of good quality beach sand in water depths too great for the sand to reenter the longshore system under natural forces; depths of 12 ft. or less are considered appropriate for Florida in order to maintain the sand in the system. With the interference of the nearshore sediment transport processes by inlets modified for navigation, if the adjacent beaches are to be stabilized there must be an active monitoring program with commitment to placement of dredged material of beach quality on shoreline segments of documented need. Several East Coast inlets have such transfer facilities; however. the quantities of sand transferred should be increased. Although an evolution and improvement in the technical capability to manage sand resources in the vicinity of inlets is expected, an adequate capability exists today and a concerted program should be made to commence a scheduled implementation of this capability at those entrances causing greatest erosional stress on the adjacent shorelines. A brief summary review for each of the 37 West Coast inlets is presented including: a scaled aerial photograph, brief historical information, several items related to sediment losses at each inlet and special characteristics relevant to State responsibilities. For each inlet, where appropriate, the above infor~tion is utilized to develop a recommenced action. (PDF has 101 pages.

An anotated list of the Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) of Dominica (excluding Scolytinae and Platypodidae)

Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) of the West Indian island of Dominica are composed of 111 genera and 214 species and subspecies. Some of the species listed are morphospecies, or are known to be undescribed, but all are identified at least to genus. Previously the fauna was recorded as 31 species. Numbers presented herein represent a seven-fold increase in species diversity. Furthermore, the widespread nature of many species demonstrates that the supposedly endemic faunas of many West Indian islands may be based on collecting biases or a lack of people capable of providing species level identifications

The industrial relations implications of automation

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Observations on Pingos and Permafrost Hydrology in Schuchert Dal, N. E. Greenland.

The pingos of Schuchert Dal are found at intervals along the base of the eastern slope of this major North-East Greenland Valley. The morphology of the pingos is described. Together they illustrate a sequence of growth and disintegration which appears typical of open system pingos in this region. Of the six pingos examined two appear to be young, active forms, one is in an early stage of disintegration and the remainder are all relict forms in which the ice bodies have given way to lakes. Two of the latter show evidence of current reactivation. The pingos are thought to relate, hydrologically, to local secondary faults. Chemical and mass spectrometric analysis of pingo waters suggest that these are derived from deep aquifers characterised by low rates of transmission and recharge.The pingos of Schuchert Dal are found at intervals along the base of the eastern slope of this major North-East Greenland Valley. The morphology of the pingos is described. Together they illustrate a sequence of growth and disintegration which appears typical of open system pingos in this region. Of the six pingos examined two appear to be young, active forms, one is in an early stage of disintegration and the remainder are all relict forms in which the ice bodies have given way to lakes. Two of the latter show evidence of current reactivation. The pingos are thought to relate, hydrologically, to local secondary faults. Chemical and mass spectrometric analysis of pingo waters suggest that these are derived from deep aquifers characterised by low rates of transmission and recharge.The pingos of Schuchert Dal are found at intervals along the base of the eastern slope of this major North-East Greenland Valley. The morphology of the pingos is described. Together they illustrate a sequence of growth and disintegration which appears typical of open system pingos in this region. Of the six pingos examined two appear to be young, active forms, one is in an early stage of disintegration and the remainder are all relict forms in which the ice bodies have given way to lakes. Two of the latter show evidence of current reactivation. The pingos are thought to relate, hydrologically, to local secondary faults. Chemical and mass spectrometric analysis of pingo waters suggest that these are derived from deep aquifers characterised by low rates of transmission and recharge

The Implications of China’s Increased Involvement in Africa: An Economic, Political and Cultural Analysis

Twenty years ago, the People’s Republic of China was East Asia’s largest oil exporter. Today, it is the world’s second largest importer. Beginning in 1993, China became a net importer of oil, a status that is not likely to change in the foreseeable future, with analysts positing that “oil will be the only primary fuel capable of fulfilling China’s growing needs in both transportation and industry.” As China’s economy surges forward, growing by double-digits the past several years, the nation’s dependence on oil and, consequently, its demand for the energy resource has grown exponentially. With the country transitioning away from the use of coal, daily oil consumption doubled over the course of the last ten years. In the future, experts expect demand for the good to continue growing, predicting an increase of 130 percent by 2025. Such an increase comes on top of an already substantial demand for the good, one that is equal to 40 percent of the world’s total.

Ten Years of the Global Labour Journal: Reflecting on the Rise of the New Global Labour Studies

The article examines the origins of the Global Labour Journal (GLJ) and its goal of broadening labour studies. It shows how, over the past decade, the GLJ has recorded and analysed the forms of action and organisation that fall outside the traditional focus of labour studies. Through a range of careful case studies, the Journal has made an important contribution to the growing field of global labour studies. The two topics that have been the focus of most attention across all types of submissions have been: 1) precarious work and new forms of labour struggles; and 2) international trade unionism or transnational/global labour. The Journal has been successful in giving a platform to content from the Global South, but it is uneven and limited. Another major limitation is the failure to bridge the divide between the big questions raised in the Marx/Polanyi debates during the early phase of the Journal with the more concrete accounts of labour rediscovering its power on the periphery of labour movement.  The article concludes by pointing towards possible options facing labour and the choices facing the GLJ. KEY WORDS: Global labour; global labour studies; precarious work; future of labou