Paired primers used for transcriptional profiling of potential MmPV1-targeted genes in M.majus via qPCR.

Paired primers used for transcriptional profiling of potential MmPV1-targeted genes in M.majus via qPCR.</p

Effect of MmPV1 on fungal virulence.

(A) Survival rates of G. mellonella larvae following injection with conidial suspensions from Mm and Mm/MmPV1 strains. Control insects were treated with sterile water. (B) Mean lethal times (LT50) of different strains after injection. (C) Survival rates of G. mellonella larvae following topical infection with conidial suspensions from different strains. Control insects were treated with sterile water. (D) The mean lethal times (LT50) of different strains after topical application. **, P <0.01.</p

Total ion flow chromatograms of extracts from MmPV1-infected and -free <i>M</i>. <i>majus</i>.

(A) The MmPV1-free strain in negative model. (B) The MmPV1-free strain in positive model. (C) The MmPV1-infected strain in negative model. (D) The MmPV1-infected strain in positive model. Number 1 to 22 are the main metabolites which changed more than two times. There are marked on the relative bigger peaks.</p

The horizontal transmission of MmPV1.

The hyphae (A) and fungal mats (B) of RCEF0578 (donor) and RCEF0577 (recipient) strain cultured in separate plate. (C) The ISSR primers screening, including M1, M10, M15, M17, P8, P9, P11, and P12. The left lane is the RCEF0578, and the right lane is the RCEF0577. (D) Confirmation of MmPV1 horizontal transmission in RCEF0577 strains with ISSR primer 889. M, DNA molecular weight marker; lane 1–4 indicate Mm/MmPV1-1, Mm/MmPV1-2, RCEF0577, and RCEF0578, respectively. (E) Confirmation of MmPV1 horizontal transmission in RCEF0577 strains with ISSR primer 850. M, DNA molecular weight marker; lane 1–4 indicate Mm/MmPV1-1, Mm/MmPV1-2, RCEF0577, and RCEF0578, respectively. (TIF)</p

Phylogenetic analysis of MmPV1.

The ML phylogenetic tree based on RdRp sequences of 34 partitiviruses including MmPV1 and representatives from seven genera of the family Partitiviridae, (Table S1), with Beauveria bassiana polymycovirus 1 (BbPmV-1) as the outgroup.</p

Effect of MmPV1 on growth of <i>M</i>. <i>majus</i>.

(A) Growth diameter of different strains cultured on PDA, SDAY and 1/4SDAY medium for 14days. (B) Colony morphology of different strains cultured on PDA, SDAY and 1/4SDAY medium for 14days. (TIF)</p

Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers for identification of Metarhizium majus strains.

Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers for identification of Metarhizium majus strains.</p

Bioassays of overexpression mutant strains.

(A) Survival rate of G. mellonella after injection of conidial suspensions of different strains. Control insects were treated with sterile water. (B) The mean lethal times to death (LT50) of different strains after injection. (C) Survival rate of G. mellonella after topical application of conidial suspensions of different strains. Control insects were treated with sterile water. (D) The mean lethal times to death (LT50) of different strains after topical application. ***, P (TIF)</p

Effect of overexpression mutant strains on conidiation of <i>M</i>. <i>majus</i>.

Conidiation of different strains cultured on PDA medium for 14 days. ****, P (TIF)</p

Effect of MmPV1 on conidiation and growth of <i>M</i>. <i>majus</i>.

(A) Conidiation of Mm and Mm/MmPV1 strains cultured on PDA for 14 d, together with colony morphology. (B) Colony morphology of different strains cultured on PDA plates for 14days. (C) Relative expression levels of conidiation-related genes as shown by qRT-PCR. ANOVA *, P P P <0.0001.</p