Prevalencia de lesiones en triatletas de una liga francesa

Objetivo Evaluar la prevalencia de traumatismos en triatletas y buscar los factores contribuyentes implicados. Método Se envió por correo un cuestionario anónimo sobre los casos de traumatismos durante la temporada pasada a 788 triatletas de una liga francesa. Resultados El 52,4% de los triatletas que respondieron notificaron que habían sufrido como mínimo una lesión durante la temporada pasada y el 17% varias lesiones. El 83,5% de las lesiones se produjeron durante el entrenamiento, sobre todo corriendo (72,5%). Los casos notificados con más frecuencia fueron tendinopatías (44,5%) y lesiones musculares (35%). Las zonas anatómicas notificadas con más frecuencia fueron el tobillo (20,6%), la rodilla (18,3%), el muslo (15%), la región lumbar (12,6%) y el hombro (8,3%). El 77% de los triatletas lesionados pudieron seguir entrenando, sobre todo haciendo natación (71%) y ciclismo (61,5%), mientras que en el 85,5% de los casos tuvieron que dejar de correr. Los triatletas que habían sufrido lesiones notificaron que dedican un tiempo significativamente menor al calentamiento que los triatletas ilesos (respectivamente, 13,7min frente a 18min) (p<0,01). El tiempo dedicado a los estiramientos también era inferior en los lesionados en comparación con los ilesos (respectivamente, 8,3min frente a 10,6min) (p<0,01). Se observó la misma asociación entre el tiempo empleado en el calentamiento y el estiramiento y la prevalencia de tendinopatías. La prevalencia de lesiones musculares se asoció de manera significativa con el número de horas de entrenamiento semanales (p<0,05) y con la distancia de entrenamiento semanal nadando, haciendo ciclismo y corriendo (p<0,05). Conclusión Las lesiones observadas en triatletas amateurs son lesiones musculoesqueléticas por «abuso», producidas sobre todo durante el entrenamiento, principalmente al correr

Prevalence of injuries in triathletes from a French league

Objective To assess the prevalence of trauma injuries in triathletes and look for contributing factors involved. Method An anonymous questionnaire about trauma history during the past season was sent by post to 788 triathletes from a French league. Results 52.4% of triathletes responding reported having been injured at least once during the past season, for 17% of them several times. 83.5% of injuries occurred during training, mostly in running (72.5%). The tendinopathies (44.5%), and muscle injuries (35%), were the most frequently reported. The anatomical sites most frequently reported were the ankle (20.6%), knee (18.3%), thigh (15%), lumbar region (12.6%) and shoulder (8,3%). 77% of injured triathletes were able to keep training, mainly in swimming (71%) and cycling (61.5%), while running was stopped in 85.5% of cases. Injured triathletes reported devote significantly less time to warm-up than uninjured triathletes (respectively 13.7min vs. 18min) (p<0.01). Time devoted to stretching was also lower for injured vs. uninjured (respectively 8.3min vs. 10.6min) (p<0.01). The same association was also found between time spent warming up and stretching and the prevalence of tendinopathies. The prevalence of muscle injuries was significantly associated with number of training hours per week (p<0.05) and weekly training distance swimming, cycling and running (p<0.05). Conclusion Injuries encountered in amateur triathletes are musculoskeletal injuries of «overuse», occurring mainly in training, especially running

Prevalença de les lesions de triatletes d'una lliga francesa

Introducció: S’estudià l’eficàcia i la tolerància de l’administració diària d’un condroprotector oral que conté àcid hialurònic (AH) i col·lagen hidrolitzat (CH) sobre la funcionalitat articular, i el dolor associat, d’individus actius afectats d’osteoartrosi de genoll. Material i mètodes: Es realitzà un estudi pilot exploratori en fase IV, multicèntric, obert i no comparatiu. S’inclogueren 108 subjectes afectats d’osteoartrosi de genoll que realitzaven activitat física diària. Se’ls administrà, durant 90 dies consecutius, un vial oral amb 7 g d’CH i 25 mg d’AH. L’avaluació clínica de la funcionalitat articular i el dolor es realitzà utilitzant l’índex WOMAC d’incapacitat funcional i rigidesa, una escala analògica visual (EAV) pel dolor, i l’opinió del metge i del malalt. Resultats: L’evolució de l’escala WOMAC, pel que fa a la incapacitat funcional i rigidesa, mostrà un descens progressiu a partir de la visita inicial (p < 0,01). Paral·lelament, es produí una disminució del dolor articular des de l’inici del tractament (p < 0,01). S’observà un augment de l’eficàcia en les visites següents. La tolerància al tractament fou valorada positivament durant tot l’estudi. Conclusions: L’administració oral d’un suplement diari d’AH i CH durant 90 dies consecutius és eficaç i millora la capacitat funcional de l’articulació tot disminuint el dolor dels individus actius amb gonartrosi. El valor mitjà de tots els paràmetres d’eficàcia al llarg de les diferents visites indicà una clara millora durant tot l’estudi. El tractament fou ben tolerat

An exploratory study into the effects of a 20 minute crushed ice application on knee joint position sense during a small knee bend.

Objectives The effect of cryotherapy on joint positioning presents conflicting debates as to whether individuals are at an increased risk of injury when returning to play or activity immediately following cryotherapy application at the knee. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a 20 minute application of crushed ice at the knee immediately affects knee joint position sense during a small knee bend. Design Pre and post-intervention. Setting University movement analysis laboratory. Participants Eleven healthy male participants. Main Outcome Measures Kinematics of the knee were measured during a weight bearing functional task pre and post cryotherapy intervention using three-dimensional motion analysis (Qualisys Medical AB Gothenburg, Sweden). Tissue cooling was measured via a digital thermometer at the knee. Results Results demonstrated significant reductions in the ability to accurately replicate knee joint positioning in both sagittal (P=.035) and coronal (P=.011) planes during the descent phase of a small knee bend following cryotherapy. Conclusion In conclusion a twenty minute application of crushed ice to the knee has an adverse effect on knee joint repositioning. Team doctors, clinicians, therapists and athletes should consider these findings when deciding to return an athlete to functional weight bearing tasks immediately following ice application at the knee, due to the potential increase risk of injury

Scientific opinion of Flavouring Group Evaluation 502 (FGE.502): grill flavour ‘Grillin’ 5078’

Publisher PD

Scientific opinion of Flavouring Group Evaluation 503 (FGE.503): grill flavour ‘Grillin’ CB-200SF’

Publisher PD

Numerical method of characteristics for one-dimensional blood flow

Mathematical modeling at the level of the full cardiovascular system requires the numerical approximation of solutions to a one-dimensional nonlinear hyperbolic system describing flow in a single vessel. This model is often simulated by computationally intensive methods like finite elements and discontinuous Galerkin, while some recent applications require more efficient approaches (e.g. for real-time clinical decision support, phenomena occurring over multiple cardiac cycles, iterative solutions to optimization/inverse problems, and uncertainty quantification). Further, the high speed of pressure waves in blood vessels greatly restricts the time step needed for stability in explicit schemes. We address both cost and stability by presenting an efficient and unconditionally stable method for approximating solutions to diagonal nonlinear hyperbolic systems. Theoretical analysis of the algorithm is given along with a comparison of our method to a discontinuous Galerkin implementation. Lastly, we demonstrate the utility of the proposed method by implementing it on small and large arterial networks of vessels whose elastic and geometrical parameters are physiologically relevant

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta