MOESM2 of Catatonia in Ugandan children with nodding syndrome and effects of treatment with lorazepam: a pilot study

Additional file 2: Table S1. Consensus case definition for Nodding Syndrome - Uganda, 2012

Correlations between socioeconomic variables.

<p>SES, Social Economic Status; MC-HOME, Middle Childhood Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment.</p

Demographic characteristics of study participants at baseline.

<p>MC-HOME, Middle Childhood Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment; SD, Standard deviation.</p

Exponentiated coefficients represent percent change in the geometric mean per unit of the predictor variable¹.

<p><i>*p</i><0.05; **<i>p</i><0.01; SES, Social Economic Status; MC-HOME, Middle Childhood Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment; WAZ, weight for age Z score.</p>1<p>Exponentiated values represent the percent increase or decrease in the geometric mean on the non-transformed scale. Values greater than 1 provide a percent increase in the geometric mean per unit of the predictor variable; values less than 1 are a percent decrease in the geometric mean per unit of the predictor variable (subtract from 1). For visual spatial processing, attention and working memory, exponentiated coefficients greater than 1 reflect a better outcome with increased predictor value; for spatial learning, exponentiated coefficients less than 1 reflect a better outcome with increased predictor value.</p

Descriptive statistics and test-retest reliabilities of the cognitive scores.

1<p>Descriptive statistics for the baseline (0 months) scores only.</p

Additional file 1: of Acute kidney injury is associated with impaired cognition and chronic kidney disease in a prospective cohort of children with severe malaria

I. Methods. Supplementary methods describing the study population and additional details on assessment of disease severity, kidney function, retinopathy, neurocognitive evaluation, and statistical analysis. II. Results. Relationship between AKI and nephrotoxic medication use during hospitalization. III. Supplementary tables. Table S1-S13. (DOCX 89 kb

The incidence, aetiology and outcome of acute seizures in children admitted to a rural Kenyan district hospital-2

Tudy area by sub-location. In general, the incidence is highest in areas nearest to the district hospital and decreases with distance away from the hospital.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The incidence, aetiology and outcome of acute seizures in children admitted to a rural Kenyan district hospital"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/8/5</p><p>BMC Pediatrics 2008;8():5-5.</p><p>Published online 8 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270816.</p><p></p

The incidence, aetiology and outcome of acute seizures in children admitted to a rural Kenyan district hospital-3

Th seizures has a seasonal pattern with peaks in December-January (after the short rains) and May-August (after the long rains). These peaks coincide with that for patients with presenting with malaria.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The incidence, aetiology and outcome of acute seizures in children admitted to a rural Kenyan district hospital"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/8/5</p><p>BMC Pediatrics 2008;8():5-5.</p><p>Published online 8 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2270816.</p><p></p

DataSheet_1_Bi-isotype immunoglobulins enhance antibody-mediated neutrophil activity against Plasmodium falciparum parasites.pdf

BackgroundMalaria remains a major global health priority, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are emerging as potential new tools to support efforts to control the disease. Recent data suggest that Fc-dependent mechanisms of immunity are important mediators of protection against the blood stages of the infection, but few studies have investigated this in the context of mAbs. We aimed to isolate mAbs agnostic to cognate antigens that target whole merozoites and simultaneously induce potent neutrophil activity measured by the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production using an antibody-dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) assay.MethodsWe used samples from semi-immune adults living in coastal Kenya to isolate mAbs that induce merozoite-specific ADRB activity. We then tested whether modifying the expressed IgG1 isotype to an IgG–IgA Fc region chimera would enhance the level of ADRB activity.ResultsWe isolated a panel of nine mAbs with specificity to whole merozoites. mAb J31 induced ADRB activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Compared to IgG1, our modified antibody IgG–IgA bi-isotype induced higher ADRB activity across all concentrations tested. Further, we observed a negative hook effect at high IgG1 mAb concentrations (i.e., >200 µg/mL), but this was reversed by Fc modification. We identified MSP3.5 as the potential cognate target of mAb J31.ConclusionsWe demonstrate an approach to engineer mAbs with enhanced ADRB potency against blood-stage parasites.</p

Table_1_Neurocognitive impairment in Ugandan children with sickle cell anemia compared to sibling controls: a cross-sectional study.docx

IntroductionThe neurocognitive functions in Ugandan children aged 1–12 years with sickle cell anemia (SCA) were compared to their non-SCA siblings to identify risk factors for disease-associated impairment.MethodsThis cross-sectional study of the neurocognitive functions in children with SCA (N = 242) and non-SCA siblings (N = 127) used age- and linguistically appropriate standardized tests of cognition, executive function, and attention for children ages 1–4 and 5–12. Test scores were converted to locally derived age-normalized z-scores. The SCA group underwent a standardized stroke examination for prior stroke and transcranial Doppler ultrasound to determine stroke risk by arterial flow velocity.ResultsThe SCA group was younger than their siblings (mean ages 5.46 ± 3.0 vs. 7.11 ± 3.51 years, respectively; p DiscussionNeurocognitive testing in children with SCA compared to non-SCA siblings revealed poorer SCA-associated functioning in children older than age 4. The results indicate the need for trials assessing the impact of disease modification on children with SCA.</p