KEGG biochemical mappings for <i>Youngia japonica</i>.

<p>KEGG biochemical mappings for <i>Youngia japonica</i>.</p

Summary of sequencing and <i>de novo</i> assembling of plant transcriptome in <i>Youngia japonica</i>.

<p>Summary of sequencing and <i>de novo</i> assembling of plant transcriptome in <i>Youngia japonica</i>.</p

Characteristics of homology search of <i>Youngia japonica</i> unigenes.

<p>(A) E-value distribution of the top Blastx hits against the non-redundant (Nr) protein database for each unigene; (B)E-value distribution of the top Blastn hits against the NCBI non-redundant nucleotide sequence (Nt) database; (C) number of unigenes matching the top nine species using Blastx in the Nr database.</p

Summary of simple sequence repeat (SSR) types in <i>Youngia japonica</i>.

<p>Summary of simple sequence repeat (SSR) types in <i>Youngia japonica</i>.</p

Transcriptome Sequencing and <i>De Novo</i> Analysis of <i>Youngia japonica</i> Using the Illumina Platform

<div><p><i>Youngia japonica</i>, a weed species distributed worldwide, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is an ideal plant for studying the evolution of Asteraceae plants because of its short life history and abundant source. However, little is known about its evolution and genetic diversity. In this study, <i>de novo</i> transcriptome sequencing was conducted for the first time for the comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity of <i>Y. japonica</i>. The <i>Y. japonica</i> transcriptome was sequenced using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. We produced 21,847,909 high-quality reads for <i>Y. japonica</i> and assembled them into contigs. A total of 51,850 unigenes were identified, among which 46,087 were annotated in the NCBI non-redundant protein database and 41,752 were annotated in the Swiss-Prot database. We mapped 9,125 unigenes onto 163 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway database. In addition, 3,648 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected. Our data provide the most comprehensive transcriptome resource currently available for <i>Y. japonica</i>. C₄ photosynthesis unigenes were found in the biological process of <i>Y. japonica</i>. There were 5596 unigenes related to defense response and 1344 ungienes related to signal transduction mechanisms (10.95%). These data provide insights into the genetic diversity of <i>Y. japonica</i>. Numerous SSRs contributed to the development of novel markers. These data may serve as a new valuable resource for genomic studies on <i>Youngia</i> and, more generally, Cichoraceae.</p></div

Overview of the <i>Youngia japonica</i> transcriptome assembly. (A) Size distribution of contigs; (B) size distribution of unigenes.

<p>Overview of the <i>Youngia japonica</i> transcriptome assembly. (A) Size distribution of contigs; (B) size distribution of unigenes.</p

Clusters of orthologous group (COG) classification.

<p>Clusters of orthologous group (COG) classification.</p

Functional annotation of the <i>Youngia japonica</i> transcriptome.

<p>Functional annotation of the <i>Youngia japonica</i> transcriptome.</p

Functional annotation of assembled sequences based on gene ontology (GO) categorization.

<p>Functional annotation of assembled sequences based on gene ontology (GO) categorization.</p

MXene Ti₃C₂: An Effective 2D Light-to-Heat Conversion Material

MXene, a new series of 2D material, has been steadily advancing its applications to a variety of fields, such as catalysis, supercapacitor, molecular separation, electromagnetic wave interference shielding. This work reports a carefully designed aqueous droplet light heating system along with a thorough mathematical procedure, which combined leads to a precise determination of internal light-to-heat conversion efficiency of a variety of nanomaterials. The internal light-to-heat conversion efficiency of MXene, more specifically Ti₃C₂, was measured to be 100%, indicating a perfect energy conversion. Furthermore, a self-floating MXene thin membrane was prepared by simple vacuum filtration and the membrane, in the presence of a rationally chosen heat barrier, produced a light-to-water-evaporation efficiency of 84% under one sun irradiation, which is among the state of art energy efficiency for similar photothermal evaporation system. The outstanding internal light-to-heat conversion efficiency and great light-to-water evaporation efficiency reported in this work suggest that MXene is a very promising light-to-heat conversion material and thus deserves more research attention toward practical applications