Aspects of Nanoparticle-Targeted Therapy

Conventional dosage forms often have disadvantages: high dose, low efficiency, toxicity, and unwanted side effects. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are characterized by modified release and can overcome these drawbacks.In many diseases, controlling the delivery and release of drugs to target tissues and organs is a challenge. The utilization of nano-sized drug-delivery systems provides a much larger surface area, affects the rate of dissolution, increases bioavailability at the site of action, and leads to a decrease in the administered dose of the medicinal product and a reduction of adverse drug reactions.The term "nanoparticles" (NPs) refers to materials with a size between 1 and 1000 nm. Nanoparticles' ability to penetrate cells faster than other macromolecules makes them suitable carriers for drug delivery systems.Peptides are attracting great interest in biomedicine as a new material that can exhibit functionalities characteristic of proteins and a high degree of modularity in molecular design.According to many researchers, combining peptides with non-biological materials (e.g., low molecular weight compounds, metal chelates, polymers, and hydrogels) is a promising approach to overcome their drawbacks (their low metabolic stability to proteolysis in the gastrointestinal tract, low levels of absorption after oral administration, decreased penetration, and rapid excretion via the liver and kidneys). The potential of NPs to conjugate with them leads to improved functions and the manifestation of synergism. As a result, conjugates of peptides with nanoparticles represent a promising platform for use in biomedicine

Poziom surowiczego czynnika wzrostu związanego z angiopoetyną (AGF) jest podwyższony w cukrzycy ciążowej i związany z insulinoopornością

Objective: Angiopoietin-related growth factor (AGF) is associated with angiogenesis but it can also affect glucose and energy metabolism. The aim of the study was to determine AGF levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and Methods: The study included 44 patients with GDM (GDM group) and 33 non-diabetic, healthy, women in the third trimester of pregnancy (control group). We analyzed serum levels of AGF and other biochemical and anthropometric markers in all subjects. Results: The study revealed that serum AGF levels were significantly higher in patients with GDM (113.30+/-69.92 ng/ml) than in controls (52.30+/-35.59 ng/ml), (p-valueCel: Czynnik wzrostu związany z angiopoetyną (AGF) jest odpowiedzialny za angiogenezy ale może też wpływać na metabolizm glukozy i energii. Celem tego badania była ocena poziomu AGF w cukrzycy ciążowej (GDM). Materiał i metoda: Do badania włączono 44 pacjentki z GDM (tzw. grupa GDM) i 33 zdrowe ciężarne w trzecim trymestrze ciąży (grupa kontrolna). Zbadano poziom surowiczego AGF oraz inne biochemiczne i antropometryczne markery u wszystkich pacjentek. Wyniki: Wykazano, że poziom surowiczego AGF był istotnie wyższy u pacjentek z cukrzycą ciążową (113,3+/-69,92 ng/ml) niż w grupie kontrolnej (52,3+/-35,59 ng/ml), (

Kangal köpeklerinde normal intrarenal ve intrahepatik doppler parametrelerinin tespiti

Doppler ultrasonography is one of the tools that started to use recently in human and veterinary medicine for this purpose. Currently, there are many studies to investigate methods of earlier diagnosis of prognosis of renal and hepatic diseases. However there is stil no consensus among researchers about the normal values. To our knowledge no systematical research exits revealing the normal values of Kangal breed dogs. Our purpose in this research is to determine the normal renal and hepatic doppler values of Kangal breed. For this purpose, 30 Turkish Kangal dogs and 20 healty dogs from several breeds were included to the study. The mean value of renal resistive index (RI) and pulsative index (PI) were 0,65±0,04 and 1.13±0,05 for Turkish Kangal dogs; 0,64±0,08 and 1.12±0,05 for different breed dogs. For the hepatic RI and PI values 0,65±0,04 and, 1.16±0,03 for Turkish Kangal dogs; 0.63±0,04 and 1.15±0.04 for different breed dogs respectively. The hepatic and renal PI and RI values of Kangal dogs were found to be compatible with other breeds.Doppler ultrasonografi son zamanlarda insan hekimliği ve veteriner hekimlikte bu amaçla kullanılmaya başlanan araçlardan biridir. Halen, böbrek ve karaciğer hastalıklarının prognozunun erken teşhisi yöntemlerini araştıran birçok çalışma vardır. Ancak, araştırmacılar arasında normal değerler hakkında hala bir fikir birliği yoktur. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla Kangal cinsi köpeklerin normal değerlerini ortaya koyan hiçbir sistematik araştırma yapılmamıştır. Bu araştırmadaki amacımız Kangal ırkının normal böbrek ve karaciğer doppler değerlerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla 30 Türk Kangal köpeği ve çeşitli ırklardan 20 sağlıklı köpek çalışmaya dahil edildi. Türk Kangal köpekleri için renal RI (rezistif indeks) ve PI (pulzatif indeks) ortalama değeri 0,65 ± 0,04 ve 1,13 ± 0,05; farklı cins köpekler için ise 0,64 ± 0,08 ve 1,12 ± 0,05 olarak belirlendi. Karaciğer için RI ve PI değerleri Türk kangal köpeklerinde 0,65±0,04 ve 1.16±0,03 olarak belirlenirken diğer köpeklerde ; 0.63±0,04 ve 1.15±0.04 olarak saptandı. Kangal köpeklerinin hepatik ve renal PI ve RI değerleri diğer ırklarla uyumlu bulundu

The Opinions of Teacher Candidates on the Elderly in the Family

AbstractTeacher candidates, who will assume important roles in raising the future generations, have a great responsibility in bringing the children in obtaining a positive point of view on elderly. Therefore, the opinions of teacher candidates, who will raise the children that will assume important roles in defining the social structure, on the elderly in the family are of a great importance. This research had been organized and conducted so as to define the position of teacher candidates on the elderly in the family. The research had been carried out with the teacher candidates who study at Gazi University, the Faculty of Educational Sciences of Industrial Arts, Family and Consumer Sciences Teaching programme in 2012-2013 school year as senior students. In this qualitative research focus group discussion was used. A semi-structured question list was used as data collection tool. Within the scope of the research, in-depth face-to-face discussions with 20 teacher candidates in total had been made. The answers to the questions on discussion formula had been separately listened and the common utterances had been grouped and classified. Each answer had been expressed numerically and frequency values of these numerical views had been calculated by means of SPSS (Statistics Package for Social Sciences) software. As a result of the research from the teacher candidates on the care and protection of the elderly in the family: The elderly should be taken care of culturally in the family by their children (14 candidates), the elderly should be consulted partially during the decision-making processes in the family (8 candidates), and on the elderly's being sent to the senior centers: I am absolutely against it and the elderly should stay at their homes or at their children's homes (12 candidate) answers had been received

Serum angiopoietin-related growth factor (AGF) levels are elevated in gestational diabetes mellitus and associated with insulin resistance

Objective: Angiopoietin-related growth factor (AGF) is associated with angiogenesis but it can also affect glucose and energy metabolism. The aim of the study was to determine AGF levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and Methods: The study included 44 patients with GDM (GDM group) and 33 non-diabetic, healthy women in the third trimester of pregnancy (control group). We analyzed serum levels of AGF and other biochemical and anthropometric markers in all subjects. Results: The study revealed that serum AGF levels were significantly higher in patients with GDM (113.30 +/- 69.92 ng/ml) than in controls (52.30 +/- 35.59 ng/ml), (p-value<0.001). Fasting glucose (117.59 vs. 82.18), homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), (2.91 vs. 1.75) diastolic (74.20 vs. 70.00) and mean (89.09 vs. 84.84) blood pressure were found to be significantly higher in the GDM group when compared to the control group (p-value<0.05). There was a significant positive association between AGF and HOMA-IR in the GDM group. Conclusions: Although gestational diabetes mellitus can be a predictor of serum AGF level, further studies are needed to explain the physiologic roles of AGF in glucose metabolism