Manfaat Sekuen Genom Lengkap Dalam Identifikasi Gen: Peranan Kelompok Gen Actin-myosin Dalam Sistem Pertahanan Tanaman

Complete genome sequencing of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) were accomplished in 2000 and 2004, respectively. The availability of high quality genome sequences of A. thaliana and rice amenable for identification and understanding of the structure and functional genes in the plant genome. One of the genes family that have been investigated is the actin-myosin genes. This genes family contributes to signalling process of the plant defence mechanism. This paper focuses on phylogenetic characterization and activation of actin-myosin genes family with emphasis on involvement on the plant defence mechanism

Teknik PCR Kualitatif Untuk Deteksi Produk Rekayasa Genetika Jagung Event BT11 Dan GA21

In some countries, including Indonesia, labelling of GMO products is mandatory for giving consumers the right to choosebetween GMOs and conventional products. Therefore, development of methodology that can detect a specific geneticallymodified (GM) crops and to verify the absence or presence of GM material in a product including raw materials (e.g. grains)and/or their derivatives is needed. The objectives of this study were to find the most efficient screening methods to detectwhether or not a product is GM material and to develop a specific detection method to identify GM product BT11 and GA21. Inaddition, present study was also aimed to obtain a duplex detection method for both GM products. Two GM-maize, including theBT11 and GA21 lines of maize (Zea mays L.), and one plant, namely NK11 as the nontransgenic control, were used as plantgenetic materials in the event-specific detection of maize. The target gene from each sample was amplified in different reaction(simplex) using both the event specific primer and the endogenous maize reference, Zein, as internal control. Furthermore, induplex PCR, two targets were simultaneously amplified in the same reaction. The results showed that detection method of theGM product obtained from present study enabled us to screen the GM products and specifically the event of BT11 and GA21using simplex and duplex methods. The duplex method is more efficient because it can detect two GM crops in one timecompared to simplex method that only can detect GM crop one by one

Field Performance of Five Soybean Mutants Under Drought Stress Conditions and Molecular Analysis Using SSR Markers

The objectives of this research wereto evaluate (1) the performance of soybean mutant lines under drought stress conditions, and(2) the genetic diversity and relationship among the mutant lines using SSR markers.The field evaluation was conducted during the dry season of 2011 and 2012 at the experimental Farm of Mataram University, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The field experiment was set up in a randomized block design. Ten mutant lines and two control varieties were evaluated in four replications. Genetic distance among evaluated lines were determined based on allelic diversity analysis using 40 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Under drought stress conditions, two mutant lines, Kdl3 and Kdl8,showed a better performance compared to the other ones. The high yielding mutant lines were Kdl3and Kdl8, which yielded 1.75 t ha-1and 1.69 t ha-1, respectively, compared to the parent and national control, Panderman 1.43 t ha-1 and Muria 1.32 t ha-1. These mutant linesrequired 30.75 to 32days to flower and 79.75 to 83.75 day to harvest with relatively short plant height 28.25 and 23.35 cmrespectively. Those mutant characters were better than those of the other three mutants, the original parents, and the control soybean species. Since the evaluated soybean mutant lines yielded more under drought stress conditions than the standard varieties, they can be used and registered as drought-tolerant soybean mutants. Moreover, the evaluated soybean accessions showed a wide genetic distance. The accessions were clustered into two groups according to their genetic background, namelygroup I (the Panderman with three mutant lines) and group II (the Muria with two mutant lines). Twenty-three out of 40 evaluated SSR loci, including AW31, BE806, CMAC7L, S080, S126, S57, S171, S224, S285, S294, S393, S294, S383, S511, S511, S520, S540, S547, S551, S571, S577, and S578, provided polymorphic alleles between the parents and their mutants and could be used to differentiate mutants from their parents. Therefore, these loci are informative and may be useful for further analysis of soybean mutant lines in relation to breeding program

Keragaman Genetik Isolat Cendawan Pyricularia Oryzae Menggunakan Primer Pot-2 (Rep-PCR)

Rice blast (Pyriculariaoryzae) is one of the most important diseases of rice. It canbe very destructive in the field, when the environmentalconditions are favourable. Information on genetic diversity ofthis pathogen could assist plant breeders in determiningstrategy for a successful control of the disease. This studywas conducted to analyze genetic diversity in P. oryzaeisolates by a pair of Pot-2 primers using the rep-PCRtechnique. These primers were designed from a transposonelement of the entire blast fungus genomic DNA. DNAsamples were extracted from 212 isolates of P. oryzaecollected from two endemic areas of the disease inIndonesia, i.e., Tamanbogo, Lampung, and Sukabumi, WestJava, as well as from some non-endemic areas in NorthSumatra and West Sumatra). Results of the study indicatedthat the 212 isolates could clustered into 21 haplotypes. Themost dominant haplotypes as indicated by their highestfrequency of haplotypes were haplotype Pot 2-019 (54.46%)followed by haplotype Pot 2-021 (14.73%) and haplotipe Pot2-016 (6.25%). Regardless of origins of the P. oryzae isolates,we found 6 haplotypes from Tamanbogo (out of 117samples), 13 haplotypes from Sukabumi (out of 77 samples),and 11 haplotypes from North Sumatra and West Sumatra(out of 18 isolates). It seems that genetic diversity of the P.oryzae isolates was not affected by the total number ofsamples/isolates, but rather by place of the origin and ricegenotypes from which the isolates were collected

The Potential Use of Ssr Markers to Support the Morphological Identification of Indonesian Mungbean Varieties

Mungbean varieties were mainly characterized based on morphological traits. Molecular genetic approach is expected to help the breeder in identification of mungbean varieties in more detail and to protect intellectual property right. This study aimed to identify Indonesian mungbean varieties based on DNA fingerprint profile using a marker set to support morphological characters. A total of 22 Indonesian mungbean accessions were characterized based on 21 morphological traits and 55 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) primers. Of the total 22 mungbean varieties used in the present study, 16 varieties were improved varieties and remaining six varieties were local varieties originated from Java, Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi collected in GeneBank of ICABIOGRAD. The results showed that the 21 morphological characters were not sufficient to differentiate 22 mungbean varieties, while SSR analysis revealed that eight multi-alleles markers and high polymorphic information content (PIC) values have been successfully selected for varietal identification. The selected markers enabled to differentiate each mungbean variety according to their genetic marker with the lowest distance of 0.125, demonstrating the robustness of the selected marker set as a tool to identify a specific DNA fingerprint profile as a varietal identity (ID). The genetic identity of a variety was shown by digital barcoding which represented a series of alleles produced by corresponding markers. The DNA fingerprint profile of each variety would be beneficial as reference identities of a mungbean variety

Development Of Est-ssr Markers To Assess Genetic Diversity Of Broccoli And Its Related Species

Development of Expressed Sequence Tag-Simple Sequence Repeat (EST-SSR) markers derived from public database is known to be more efficient, faster and low cost. The objective of this study was to generate a new set of EST-SSR markers for broccoli and its related species and their usefulness for assessing their genetic diversity. A total of 202 Brassica oleracea ESTs were retrieved from NCBI and then assembled into 172 unigenes by means of CAP3 program. Identification of SSRs was carried out using web-based tool, RepeatMasker software. Afterwards, EST-SSR markers were developed using Primer3 program. Among the identified SSRs, trinucleotide repeats were the most common repeat types, which accounted for about 50%. A total of eight primer pairs were successfully designed and yielded amplification products. Among them, five markers were polymorphic and displayed a total of 30 alleles with an average number of six alleles per locus. The polymorphic markers were subsequently used for analyzing genetic diversity of 36 B. oleracea cultivars including 22 broccoli, five cauliflower and nine kohlrabi cultivars based on genetic similarity matrix as implemented in NTSYS program. At similarity coefficient of 61%, a UPGMA clustering dendrogram effectively separated 36 genotypes into three main groups, where 30 out of 36 genotypes were clearly discriminated. The result obtained in the present study would help breeders in selecting parental lines for crossing. Moreover, the novel EST-SSR markers developed in the study could be a valuable tool for differentiating cultivars of broccoli and related species

Evaluation of Mungbean Mutant Lines to Drought Stress and Their Genetic Relationships Using SSR Markers

Development of mungbean cultivarstolerant to drought stress through mutation breeding approach would enable us to anticipate the crop yield-reducing effects of climate changes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield performance of mungbean mutant lines that showed tolerance to drought stress, and to analyze their genetic diversity and relationship among mutant lines using SSR markers. The study was conducted during the dry season of 2012 in the Muneng experimental farm, Probolinggo, East Java. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. Five mutant lines and two parental lines as control were tested for evaluation of yield and drought tolerance under twoenvironments of two irrigation systems as treatment. The two environmental conditions consisted of optimal irrigation (at least three times: at planting, flowering and during pod filling) and suboptimal irrigation (two times at planting and flowering). To evaluate genetic variation among selected mutant lines and their discrimination from parental lines in molecular level, a cluster analysis was performed using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) in the NTSYS software. The results showed that three mutant lines, including PsJ30, PsJ31, PsJ32 produced the highest grain yields of 1.17, 1.01, and 1.04 ton/ha, respectively, compared to the other mutant lines and the parents Gelatik (0.85 ton/ha) and Perkutut (0.87 ton/ha) as control check. Of those mutant lines, PSJ31 was the most tolerant to drought with sensitivity index value of 0.47. The PSJ31 has now been officially released as a new variety ( 2013), named as Muri which was identified to have high yield and tolerant to drought. Based on 23 SSR markers used for clustering analysis of those 3 selected mutant lines,9SSR markers (MBSS R033; satt137; MBSSR008; MBSSR203; MBSSR013; MBSSR021; MBSSR016; MBSSR136; and DMBSSR013) were successfully identified the three mungbean mutant lines. Taken together, we have succeeded at develop and evaluate three elite mutant breeding lines which are valuable resources for genetic variation in mungbean. The genetic variation information of mungbean at molecular level potentially provides room for recombinants which are essential for the development of a new superior variety in mungbean improvement.Received: 04 October 2014; Revised: 04 June 2015; Accepted: 16 June 201

Keragaman Genotipik dan Fenotipik 48 Aksesi Kedelai Introduksi Asal Cina

Sebagai salah satu komoditas tanaman pangan penting di Indonesia setelah padi dan jagung, kedelai memerlukan upaya peningkatan keragaman genetik dengan cara introduksi aksesi dari negara lain terutama Cina sebagai salah satu negara asal kedelai di dunia. Marka simple sequence repeat (SSR) dapat digunakan untuk analisis keragaman genetik antaraksesi kedelai introduksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari keragaman genotipik dan fenotipik 48 aksesi kedelai introduksi asal Cina menggunakan 15 marka SSR. Analisis DNA dilakukan menggunakan PCR dan data hasil PCR menggunakan marka SSR dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak XLSTAT, NTSYS, dan PowerMarker. Data karakter morfologis diperoleh dari basis data Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (www.ars-grin.gov). Data ini digunakan sebagai data keragaman fenotipik yang diperlukan untuk menunjang hasil karakterisasi molekuler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman karakter morfologis dan molekuler antaraksesi kedelai yang dipelajari. Berdasarkan hasil analisis komponen utama, karakter tinggi tanaman, bobot 100 biji, hasil biji, warna pusar biji, warna trikoma, warna bunga, dan warna polong berkontribusi besar terhadap keragaman total. Analisis molekuler menggunakan marka SSR menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi alel yang cukup tinggi (9–25 alel) di antara aksesi kedelai dengan rerata jumlah alel 15,6, sedangkan rerata nilai Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) sebesar 0,89 (0,84–0,94). Seluruh marka SSR memiliki nilai PIC>0,5 yang menunjukkan bahwa marka tersebut informatif untuk studi keragaman genetik kedelai dengan rerata nilai diversitas gen sebesar 0,90. Hasil analisis filogenetik dan analisis koordinat utama menunjukkan bahwa 48 aksesi tersebut mengelompok menjadi tiga dengan koefisien kemiripan 0,84. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pula uji asosiasi antara marka SSR dan karakter morfologis. Asosiasi yang signifikan ditemukan pada tujuh lokus marka SSR. Persentase keragaman total yang dapat dijelaskan oleh marka SSR tersebut, yaitu 17,25–78,45%. Marka GMES2225 dan Sat_286 berasosiasi dengan warna kulit biji, sedangkan marka GmF35H berasosiasi dengan tinggi tanaman. Informasi keragaman genetik akan sangat bermanfaat sebagai langkah awal untuk kegiatan seleksi tetua persilangan dengan sifat yang diinginkan dalam membantu program pemuliaan kedelai di Indonesia