Additional file 5: Figure S5. of Transketolase-like 1 ectopic expression is associated with DNA hypomethylation and induces the Warburg effect in melanoma cells

TKTL1 expression in melanoma affects proliferation of cells. (A) Measurement of absorbance of LM-MEL-59 cells after TKTL1 siRNA or control siRNA treatment for 48 h by performing MTS assay. (B) Measurement of absorbance of LM-MEL-44 cells after overexpression of TKTL1 or empty vector for 48 h. (PPTX 57 kb

Additional file 3: Figure S3. of Transketolase-like 1 ectopic expression is associated with DNA hypomethylation and induces the Warburg effect in melanoma cells

TKT and TKTL2 expression in melanoma cells. (A) TKT, (B) TKTL1 and (C) TKTL2 expression in LM-MEL-59 after treatment with two TKTL1 siRNAs or control siRNA for 72 h. Testis tissue was used as positive control for the expression of TKT, TKTL1 and TKTL2. (PPTX 69 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Transketolase-like 1 ectopic expression is associated with DNA hypomethylation and induces the Warburg effect in melanoma cells

TKTL1 is expressed in a subset of melanoma tumours and melanoma cell lines. (A) Representative staining patterns for TKTL1 in metastatic melanoma tumors are shown. Arrows indicate nuclear staining for Melanin. Original magnification, 200 Οm. (B) QRT-PCR for expression level of TKTL1 in a panel of 53 metastatic melanoma cell lines. (C) High magnification staining pattern of TKTL1 in melanoma cell line LM-MEL-59. Arrows indicate nuclear staining for Melanin. Original magnification, 200 Οm. (PPTX 1827 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Transketolase-like 1 ectopic expression is associated with DNA hypomethylation and induces the Warburg effect in melanoma cells

Correlation of TKTL1 gene expression with DNA methylation in melanoma patients. Exon expression data was compared to methylation patterns of TKTL1 and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated. Methylation status at the CpG site (A) cg09892236 and (B) cg23106779 was inversely correlated with TKTL1 gene expression in melanoma samples. (PPTX 114 kb

LRH-1 expression patterns in breast cancer tissues are associated with tumour aggressiveness

The significance and regulation of liver receptor homologue 1 (LRH-1, NR5A2), a tumour-promoting transcription factor in breast cancer cell lines, is unknown in clinical breast cancers. This study aims to determine LRH-1/NR5A2 expression in breast cancers and relationship with DNA methylation and tumour characteristics. In The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer cohort NR5A2 expression was positively associated with intragenic CpG island methylation (1.4-fold expression for fully methylated versus not fully methylated, p=0.01) and inversely associated with promoter CpG island methylation (0.6-fold expression for fully methylated versus not fully methylated, p=0.036). LRH-1 immunohistochemistry of 329 invasive carcinomas and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was performed. Densely punctate/ coarsely granular nuclear reactivity was significantly associated with high tumour grade (p < 0.005, p=0.033 in invasive carcinomas and DCIS respectively), negative estrogen receptor status (p=0.008, p=0.038 in overall cohort and invasive carcinomas, respectively), negative progesterone receptor status (p=0.003, p=0.013 in overall cohort and invasive carcinomas, respectively), HER2 amplification (overall cohort p=0.034) and non-luminal intrinsic subtype (p=0.018, p=0.038 in overall cohort and invasive carcinomas, respectively). These significant associations of LRH-1 protein expression with tumour phenotype suggest that LRH-1 is an important indicator of tumour biology in breast cancers and may be useful in risk stratification