A signature based on chromatin regulation and tumor microenvironment infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Supplementary figure 1.  extracted significant prognosis-associated CRs using the Kaplan–Meier method based on the TCGA dataset  Supplementary figure 2.  Three CR modification genomic phenotypes were then generated via the k-means algorithm, and these phenotypes were termed as CR gene clusters A–C, respectively  Supplementary table 1.  Extracted significant prognosis-associated CRs using the Kaplan–Meier method based on the TCGA dataset  Supplementary table 2.  Three CR modification genomic phenotypes were then generated via the k-means algorithm, and these phenotypes were termed as CR gene clusters A–C, respectively </p

Tailoring the Degree of Branching: Preparation of Poly(ether ester)s via Copolymerization of Poly(ethylene glycol) Oligomers (A₂) and 1,3,5-Benzenetricarbonyl Trichloride (B₃)

A novel approach to tailor the degree of branching of poly(ether ester)s was developed based on the copolymerization of oligomeric A2 and B3 monomers. A dilute solution of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (A2) was added slowly to a dilute solution of 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride (B3) at room temperature in the presence of triethylamine to prepare high molar mass gel-free products. PEG diols of various molar masses permitted the control of the degree of branching and an investigation of the effect of the distance between branch points. 1H NMR spectroscopy indicated a classical degree of branching (DB) of 69% for a highly branched poly(ether ester) derived from 200 g/mol PEG diol. A revised definition of the degree of branching was proposed to accurately describe the branched poly(ether ester)s, and the degree of branching decreased as the molar mass of the PEG diols was increased. The effects of branching and the length of the PEG segments on the thermal properties of the highly branched polymers were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Amorphous branched poly(ether ester)s were obtained using PEG diols with number-average molar masses of either 200 or 600 g/mol. In-situ functionalization of the terminal acyl halide units with 2-hydroxylethyl acrylate provided novel photo-cross-linkable precursors

Average dose-volume histogram (DVH) comparison for lung and heart with four different planning techniques.

6F-IMRT = six large fields IMRT plans with fixed jaw; 6F-IMRT-T = six large fields IMRT plans with jaw tracking technique; 12F-IMRT = twelve small fields IMRT plans with fixed jaw; 12F-IMRT-T = twelve small fields IMRT plans with jaw tracking technique.</p

Isodose distributions for one patient with esophageal cancer in four treatment plans.

6F-IMRT = six large fields IMRT plans with fixed jaw; 6F-IMRT-T = six large fields IMRT plans with jaw tracking technique; 12F-IMRT = twelve small fields IMRT plans with fixed jaw; 12F-IMRT-T = twelve small fields IMRT plans with jaw tracking technique.</p

The mean doses of organs at risk, MU, beam-on time, and mean dose rate (MDR) for treatment plans created with different planning techniques.

<p><i>Abbreviations:</i> HFF-VMAT-FF = two half-field full-arcs VMAT with conventional flattened (FF) beam; HFQ-VMAT-FF = eight half-field quarter-arcs VMAT with FF beam; HFQ-VMAT-FFF = eight half-field quarter-arcs VMAT with flattening filter free (FFF) beam.</p><p>* Body: it is the region of the CT which was scanned.</p><p>* <i>P</i> value corresponds to the paired <i>t</i> test: a = HFF-VMAT-FF vs HFQ-VMAT-FF, b = HFQ-VMAT-FF vs HFQ-VMAT-FFF.</p><p>The mean doses of organs at risk, MU, beam-on time, and mean dose rate (MDR) for treatment plans created with different planning techniques.</p

Cumulative survival of patients stratified by the number of lymph node metastases (pN).

<p>Cumulative survival of patients stratified by the number of lymph node metastases (pN).</p

Planning Study of Flattening Filter Free Beams for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp - Figure 1

<p><b>Delineated planning target volume (PTV) for squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp (A), and two different beam setups in VMAT plans:</b> (B) Two 360° arcs were used with half-field beam. (C) Eight half-field quarter-arcs (90°) were used in VMAT plan.</p

Dosimetric parameters comparison for PTV in four treatment plans.

Dosimetric parameters comparison for PTV in four treatment plans.</p

Planning Study of Flattening Filter Free Beams for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>Flattening filter free (FFF) beams show the potential for a higher dose rate and lower peripheral dose. We investigated the planning study of FFF beams with their role for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp.</p><p>Methods and Materials</p><p>One patient with squamous cell carcinoma which had involvement of entire scalp was subjected to VMAT using TrueBeam linear accelerator. As it was a rare skin malignancy, CT data of 7 patients with brain tumors were also included in this study, and their entire scalps were outlined as target volumes. Three VMAT plans were employed with RapidArc form: two half-field full-arcs VMAT using 6 MV standard beams (HFF-VMAT-FF), eight half-field quarter-arcs VMAT using 6 MV standard beams (HFQ-VMAT-FF), and HFQ-VMAT using FFF beams (HFQ-VMAT-FFF). Prescribed dose was 25×2 Gy (50 Gy). Plan quality and efficiency were assessed for all plans.</p><p>Results</p><p>There were no statistically significant differences among the three VMAT plans in target volume coverage, conformity, and homogeneity. For HFQ-VMAT-FF plans, there was a significant decrease by 12.6% in the mean dose to the brain compared with HFF-VMAT-FF. By the use of FFF beams, the mean dose to brain in HFQ-VMAT-FFF plans was further decreased by 7.4% compared with HFQ-VMAT-FF. Beam delivery times were similar for each technique.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The HFQ-VMAT-FF plans showed the superiority in dose distributions compared with HFF-VMAT-FF. HFQ-VMAT-FFF plans might provide further normal tissue sparing, particularly in the brain, showing their potential for radiation therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp.</p></div

Delineated planning target volume (PTV) for esophageal cancer in beam’s eye view (BEV) and jaw setup of IMRT plans.

(A) Jaw setup of large field IMRT plans. (B) Jaw setup of small field IMRT plans.</p