Assessment of cognitive function in included studies.

Assessment of cognitive function in included studies.</p

Forest plot of UA levels and risk of cognitive impairment with more than 2,000 participants.

Forest plot of UA levels and risk of cognitive impairment with more than 2,000 participants.</p

Dose-response plot on the association of UA levels and risk of cognitive impairment with more than 2,000 participants.

Dose-response plot on the association of UA levels and risk of cognitive impairment with more than 2,000 participants.</p

Dose-response plot on the association of UA levels and risk of cognitive impairment in male.

Dose-response plot on the association of UA levels and risk of cognitive impairment in male.</p

UA detection in included studies.

PurposeStudying the effects of uric acid levels on cognitive function and quantifying the dose-response relationship.MethodsBased on PubMed and Embase search terms, we identified prospective cohort studies that included blood uric acid as a risk factor and cognitive impairment as a result up to September 2022. We extracted pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsNine reports (including 488,915 participants and 5516 cognitive impairment cases) with median follow-up of 8.8–22 years were eligible for analyses. Compared with lowest category of blood uric acid concentration, the combined RR of cognitive impairment events in the highest classification was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.70–0.92, P 2 = 67.1%, heterogeneity P ConclusionLevels of blood uric acid are not related to risk of cognitive impairment. A subgroup analysis shows that the rise in blood uric acid levels in the male population is related to a decreased risk of cognitive impairment. These results need to be confirmed by further studies.</div

Embase search terms.

PurposeStudying the effects of uric acid levels on cognitive function and quantifying the dose-response relationship.MethodsBased on PubMed and Embase search terms, we identified prospective cohort studies that included blood uric acid as a risk factor and cognitive impairment as a result up to September 2022. We extracted pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsNine reports (including 488,915 participants and 5516 cognitive impairment cases) with median follow-up of 8.8–22 years were eligible for analyses. Compared with lowest category of blood uric acid concentration, the combined RR of cognitive impairment events in the highest classification was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.70–0.92, P 2 = 67.1%, heterogeneity P ConclusionLevels of blood uric acid are not related to risk of cognitive impairment. A subgroup analysis shows that the rise in blood uric acid levels in the male population is related to a decreased risk of cognitive impairment. These results need to be confirmed by further studies.</div

Characteristics of participants in included studies of UA in relation to risk of cognitive impairment.

Characteristics of participants in included studies of UA in relation to risk of cognitive impairment.</p

Forest plot of UA levels and risk of cognitive impairment in male.

Forest plot of UA levels and risk of cognitive impairment in male.</p

Forest plot of UA levels and risk of cognitive impairment.

Forest plot of UA levels and risk of cognitive impairment.</p

Forest plot of association between highest versus lowest categories of UA and risk of cognitive impairment.

Forest plot of association between highest versus lowest categories of UA and risk of cognitive impairment.</p