Federal Recovery Funds Allocated

Figure S1. Overview of the informatics pipeline used to the identify lincRNAs in goat. (PDF 216 kb

The Importance of Learning Islamic History and Civilization of Malaysia in the Building of Human Capital and Identity of the Muslim Society in Malaysia

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to study the importance of learning Islamic History and Civilization in Malaysia for human capital building and identification of the muslim society in Malaysia. Its aim is to clarify the importance of this course, specifically at the Department of Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization, and the need to produce graduates who are conversant in this field in order that they may utilise it in their lives regardless of whichever field they venture into. This study uses the library research method by analysis and evaluation with an argumentative as well as narrative approach. The results of study finds that knowledge and conversance in this field is integral in the formation of human capital and identity of the muslim society in Malaysia. Knowledge and conversance in this field would enable Malays to know the ‘true’ history of the muslim ummah in Malaysia. This knowledge is crucial to help them form and build a Malay-muslim generation in Malaysia, strongly attached to Malay traditions which have once brought the muslims to the pinnacle of success

Genomic Scan Reveals Loci under Altitude Adaptation in Tibetan and Dahe Pigs

<div><p>High altitude environments are of particular interest in the studies of local adaptation as well as their implications in physiology and clinical medicine in human. Some Chinese pig breeds, such as Tibetan pig (TBP) that is well adapted to the high altitude and Dahe pig (DHP) that dwells at the moderate altitude, provide ideal materials to study local adaptation to altitudes. Yet, it is still short of in-depth analysis and understanding of the genetic adaptation to high altitude in the two pig populations. In this study we conducted a genomic scan for selective sweeps using <i>F_ST</i> to identify genes showing evidence of local adaptations in TBP and DHP, with Wuzhishan pig (WZSP) as the low-altitude reference. Totally, we identified 12 specific selective genes (<i>CCBE1, F2RL1, AGGF1, ZFPM2, IL2, FGF5, PLA2G4A, ADAMTS9, NRBF2, JMJD1C</i>, <i>VEGFC</i> and <i>ADAM19</i>) for TBP and six (<i>OGG1</i>, <i>FOXM</i>, <i>FLT3</i>, <i>RTEL1</i>, <i>CRELD1</i> and <i>RHOG</i>) for DHP. In addition, six selective genes (<i>VPS13A</i>, <i>GNA14, GDAP1, PARP8, FGF10 and ADAMTS16</i>) were shared by the two pig breeds. Among these selective genes, three (<i>VEGFC</i>, <i>FGF10</i> and <i>ADAMTS9</i>) were previously reported to be linked to the local adaptation to high altitudes in pigs, while many others were newly identified by this study. Further bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that majority of these selective signatures have some biological functions relevant to the altitude adaptation, for examples, response to hypoxia, development of blood vessels, DNA repair and several hematological involvements. These results suggest that the local adaptation to high altitude environments is sophisticated, involving numerous genes and multiple biological processes, and the shared selective signatures by the two pig breeds may provide an effective avenue to identify the common adaptive mechanisms to different altitudes.</p></div

Genomic distribution of signatures of selection identified in comparison of DHP and WZSP.

<p>Red dots represent significant sites (<i>F_ST</i>≥0.450, and <i>P_E</i>≤0.01, data not shown) within selected regions containing adaptive genes.</p

Functional enrichment analysis of genes within selected regions identified in comparison of DHP and WZSP.

<p>Notes: GO term, subcategory of biological process.</p><p>Functional enrichment analysis of genes within selected regions identified in comparison of DHP and WZSP.</p

Principle component analysis of TBP, DHP and WZSP individuals.

<p>TBP, Tibetan pig; DHP, Dahe pig; WZSP, Wuzhishan pig.</p

Functional enrichment analysis of genes within the selected regions identified in comparison of TBP and WZSP.

<p>Notes: GO term, subcategory of biological process.</p><p>Functional enrichment analysis of genes within the selected regions identified in comparison of TBP and WZSP.</p

Summary of shared selective sweeps.

<p>Summary of shared selective sweeps.</p

Genomic <i>F_ST</i> distribution of selective signatures identified in comparison of TBP and WZSP.

<p>Red dots represent significant sites (<i>F_ST</i>≥0.362, and <i>P_E</i>≤0.01, data not shown) within selected regions containing adaptive genes.</p

Additional file 5: of Genome-wide discovery of lincRNAs with spatiotemporal expression patterns in the skin of goat during the cashmere growth cycle

Figure S4. Comparison of the expression patterns of selected lincRNAs and protein-coding genes detected in RNA-seq (red line) and RT-qPCR (blue line) assays revealing a high correlation between the two methods. Note: The log2 ratios of the expression changes during Oct relative to the other time points were calculated and plotted (the ratio was set to 0 for the normal condition). The expression levels of the selected protein-coding genes were normalized against that of β-actin. The expression levels of the selected lincRNAs were normalized against that of SDHA, UBC and YWHAZ. The R values (Pearson correlation coefficients) across the different time points are presented for each gene. (PDF 543 kb