Regional distributions of US universities in the Leiden Ranking 2014.

Regional distributions of US universities in the Leiden Ranking 2014.</p

Collaboration Distance of Top-10 Universities of the US in UIC productivity in the “Natural Sciences”.

<p>Collaboration Distance of Top-10 Universities of the US in UIC productivity in the “Natural Sciences”.</p

University-Industry Collaboration in China and the USA: A Bibliometric Comparison

<div><p>In this study, university-industry collaborations in China and the USA are analyzed in terms of co-authored publications indexed in the Web of Science (WoS). Results show a wide gap between China and the USA: Chinese universities are much less active in collaborations with industry in terms of either publication productivity or collaboration intensity. In selecting local and foreign industrial partners, however, more variation exists among Chinese universities than among US universities. The US system is domestically oriented more than that of China. In the USA, the intensity of university-industry collaboration is determined by research quality, whereas in China this is not the case. In both China and the USA, distance is not critical for the establishment of domestic university-industry collaboration. A high correlation is found between productivity indicators including total publications and university-industry co-authored publications. However, the productivity indicators are less correlated with the intensity of university-industry collaboration. Large research universities with strong ties to domestic industry play critical roles in both national publication systems.</p></div

Fabrication, Characterization, and Analytical Application of Silica Nanopore Array-Modified Platinum Electrode

In this work, we report a new approach to fabricate the nanopore array electrode (NAE) by transferring silica nanochannel membrane (SNM) to the surface of Pt electrode (0.5 mm in diameter) sealed by glass capillary (designated as Pt-NAE for simplicity). The SNM is supported via the irreversible covalent-bond formation with the surrounding glass capillary treated by plasma, thus providing long-term stability to Pt-NAE. Meanwhile, this fabrication process does not require pregrafting or premodification of Pt electrode surface, providing well-defined active surface domains. Thanks to the small pore diameter (∼2.3 nm) and negatively charged channel walls, the SNM is permselective and thus the electrochemical behavior of Pt-NAE is dependent on both electrolyte concentration and charge state of redox molecules. The permeability of SNM was determined by the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) approach curve measurements coupled with finite-element simulations from a quantitative viewpoint. The permeability of anionic Ru­(CN)64– was varied from 150 to 10.3 μm s–1 as the electrolyte concentration decreased from 1.0 to 0.01 M, while there is no obvious change for cationic Ru­(NH3)63+. Finally, the as-prepared Pt-NAE is able to continuously monitor dissolved oxygen for up to 2 h in a solution containing biofouling reagents, exhibiting an enhanced antifouling ability and therefore excellent current stability. We believe the NAE with unique mass transport properties can be extended further for other analytical applications

Top-10 Universities in Domestic Ranking in publications in “Life Sciences” (2009–2012).

Top-10 Universities in Domestic Ranking in publications in “Life Sciences” (2009–2012).</p

Top-10 Universities in domestic ranking in UIC productivity in “Life Sciences” (2009–2012).

<p>Top-10 Universities in domestic ranking in UIC productivity in “Life Sciences” (2009–2012).</p

Collaboration Distance of Top-10 Chinese Universities in UIC Productivity in “All Sciences”^*.

<p>Collaboration Distance of Top-10 Chinese Universities in UIC Productivity in “All Sciences”^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165277#t004fn001" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p

Collaboration Distance of Top-10 Universities of China in UIC Publications in the “Natural Sciences”.

<p>Collaboration Distance of Top-10 Universities of China in UIC Publications in the “Natural Sciences”.</p

Collaboration Distance of Top-10 US Universities in UIC Productivity in “All Sciences”.

<p>Collaboration Distance of Top-10 US Universities in UIC Productivity in “All Sciences”.</p

Top-10 Universities in Domestic Ranking in UIC intensity in “All Sciences” (2009–2012).

<p>Top-10 Universities in Domestic Ranking in UIC intensity in “All Sciences” (2009–2012).</p