The phylogenetic tree showing the relationship of <i>Nosema</i>.

Unrooted consensus of phylogenetic tree showing the relationship of Nosema isolate the partial sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA of Nosema (4-A; N bombi, 4-B; N. ceranae) from Bombus spp. collected in northern Thailand. The tree was estimated using Maximum Likelihood. Numbers at each node represent bootstrap values as percentages and only bootstrap values greater than 70% are shown.</p

Map of the collection sites (grey dots) of native bumblebees in northern Thailand.

Code name are abbreviated as following: DS = Doi Suthep, DI = Doi Inthanon, DMTM = Doi Mae Thaman, DAK = Doi Ang Khang, DMNg = Doi Mon Ngao, DUK = Doi Mae U Kho, DT = Doi Thong, DPK = Doi Phu Kha.</p

Species identification guide with simplified colour patterns of female workers.

The dorsum of the body is artificially divided into an arbitrary set of regions.</p

Overall occurrence of four parasites in host species (<i>Bombus</i> spp.) (Identities confirmed from barcodes).

Overall occurrence of four parasites in host species (Bombus spp.) (Identities confirmed from barcodes).</p

Dated estimate of phylogeny for species of the subgenus <i>Megabombus</i>.

<p>From Bayesian analysis of COI barcodes, using single samples selected to represent each of the species from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0132358#pone.0132358.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a> and using the birth-death process for speciation on the tree. The tree is dated in Ma by setting the date for the divergence with the <i>Mendacibombus</i> outgroup to 34 Ma [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0132358#pone.0132358.ref033" target="_blank">33</a>]. Values at each node: posterior probability / age in Ma. Nodes with support <i>p</i>≥0.8 show 95% confidence limits for the date estimate as grey bars; nodes with support <i>p</i><0.8 have the values shown in grey; nodes with support <i>p</i><0.66 are shown collapsed. The vertical gray line show the 1.3 Ma position to distinguish between the two time periods. The extreme food specialization species name with under dashed line.</p

Dated estimate of phylogeny for species of the subgenus <i>Megabombus</i>.

<p>From Bayesian analysis of COI barcodes, using single samples selected to represent each of the species from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0132358#pone.0132358.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a> and using the birth-death process for speciation on the tree. The tree is dated in Ma by setting the date for the divergence with the <i>Mendacibombus</i> outgroup to 34 Ma [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0132358#pone.0132358.ref033" target="_blank">33</a>]. Values at each node: posterior probability / age in Ma. Nodes with support <i>p</i>≥0.8 show 95% confidence limits for the date estimate as grey bars; nodes with support <i>p</i><0.8 have the values shown in grey; nodes with support <i>p</i><0.66 are shown collapsed. The vertical gray line show the 1.3 Ma position to distinguish between the two time periods. The extreme food specialization species name with under dashed line.</p

Prevalence of four parasites recovered from <i>Bombus</i> species in northern Thailand.

Prevalence of four parasites recovered from Bombus species in northern Thailand.</p

Material used in the phylogenetic analysis with the sample locality, collector, sequence length, depository and GenBank accession number.

Material used in the phylogenetic analysis with the sample locality, collector, sequence length, depository and GenBank accession number.</p

Material used in the phylogenetic analysis with the sample localities, collector, COI sequence length, depository and GenBank accession number.

Material used in the phylogenetic analysis with the sample localities, collector, COI sequence length, depository and GenBank accession number.</p

A list of <i>Bombus</i> subgenera with information on distribution and species number.

A list of Bombus subgenera with information on distribution and species number.</p