Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC) memory subtest raw score unadjusted mean (<i>M</i>) and standard deviation (<i>SD</i>) values are presented for the Uganda and Senegal groups.

<p>Also presented are the adjusted Mean (<i>M</i>) and standard error (<i>SE</i>) values for an ANCOVA analysis with age as the covariate. The significance probability (<i>P</i>) value and corresponding effect size for the ANCOVA between-group comparison are presented.</p

For age, education, gender, and physical development measures, the means (M) and standard deviations (<i>SD</i>), Student <i>t</i> test values and significance level probability values (<i>P</i>) for Uganda versus Senegal groups.

a<p>Chi Square test used for statistical <i>P</i> value.</p><p>Physical development <i>Z</i> scores based on CDC2000 norms (Epi Info).</p

Demographic characteristics of the children.

1<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055653#s3" target="_blank">Results</a> indicate frequency, N (%); HOME = Home observation for the measurement of the environment; N = Number; M = Mean; SD = Standard deviation.</p

Standardized estimates of regression coefficients on the ‘Cognitive ability’ latent variable.

<p>Standardized estimates of regression coefficients on the ‘Cognitive ability’ latent variable.</p

Regression coefficients with and without adjusters, excluding other cognitive measures.

*<p>“unadj” is from the unadjusted analysis using a single cognitive scale; “5 adj” is from the analysis using a single cognitive scale adjusting for age, sex, home environment, education level, and weight-for-age z score.</p

Estimates of regression coefficients of an outcome on a scale residual.

<p>Estimates of regression coefficients of an outcome on a scale residual.</p

Descriptive statistics and test-retest reliabilities of the cognitive scores.

1<p>Descriptive statistics for the baseline (0 months) scores only.</p

Correlations between socioeconomic variables.

<p>SES, Social Economic Status; MC-HOME, Middle Childhood Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment.</p

Demographic characteristics of study participants at baseline.

<p>MC-HOME, Middle Childhood Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment; SD, Standard deviation.</p

Exponentiated coefficients represent percent change in the geometric mean per unit of the predictor variable¹.

<p><i>*p</i><0.05; **<i>p</i><0.01; SES, Social Economic Status; MC-HOME, Middle Childhood Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment; WAZ, weight for age Z score.</p>1<p>Exponentiated values represent the percent increase or decrease in the geometric mean on the non-transformed scale. Values greater than 1 provide a percent increase in the geometric mean per unit of the predictor variable; values less than 1 are a percent decrease in the geometric mean per unit of the predictor variable (subtract from 1). For visual spatial processing, attention and working memory, exponentiated coefficients greater than 1 reflect a better outcome with increased predictor value; for spatial learning, exponentiated coefficients less than 1 reflect a better outcome with increased predictor value.</p