<i>Yucca gloriosa</i>: A Source of Phenolic Derivatives with Strong Antioxidant Activity

On the basis of the biological activities exhibited by the phenolic constituents of Yucca schidigera, the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Yucca gloriosa roots was evaluated in the TEAC assay. The strong activity exerted by this extract prompted investigation of its phenolic constituents, yielding three new phenolic derivatives, gloriosaols C, D, and E, along with gloriosaols A and B previously isolated from Y. gloriosa roots and yuccaols C−E isolated from Y. schidigera. ESIMS and NMR data of gloriosaols C−E closely resembled those reported for gloriosaols A and B, two diasteroisomers characterized by unusual spirostructures. Careful inspection of ROESY spectra revealed that gloriosaols C−E are diastereoisomers of gloriosaols A and B. A possible assignment of the relative configuration of gloriosaols C−E, derived according to an integrated NMR−quantum mechanical (QM) approach, which was already applied to the determination of the stereostructures of gloriosaols A and B, is also proposed. Gloriosaols A−E exhibited potent antioxidant activity measured by the TEAC assay, showing the potential use of Y. gloriosa as a source of antioxidant principles. Keywords: Yucca gloriosa; gloriosaols A−E; GIAO NMR; DFT calculations; radical scavenging activity; TEA

Pathway enrichment analysis: The pathways related to a <i>p</i>-value that excludes randomness and correlates with hypercholesterolaemia.

Pathway enrichment analysis: The pathways related to a p-value that excludes randomness and correlates with hypercholesterolaemia.</p

Metabolites discriminating hypercholesterolaemic from normocholesterolaemic samples, according to VIP score values.

Metabolites discriminating hypercholesterolaemic from normocholesterolaemic samples, according to VIP score values.</p

PCA score scatter plot (A) and PCA loading scatter plot (B) for the ¹H NMR data collected in 1D NOESY spectra acquired at 600 MHz.

Data are relative to 14 hypercholesterolaemic (green circles) and 16 normocholesterolaemic (red circles) human sera.</p

Graph of pathway impact and relative <i>p</i>-value.

Pathway analysis showing all matched pathways according to p-values from pathway enrichment analysis (y-axis) and pathway impact values from pathway topology analysis (x-axis). The colour and size of each circle are based on p-values and pathway impact values, respectively. Small p-values and large pathway impact circles indicate that the pathway is greatly perturbed. The top 5 pathways in order of p-values from the pathway analysis are numbered as follows: 1) pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, 2) pyruvate metabolism, 3) glycolysis/ gluconeogenesis, 4) citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and 5) synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies.</p

PLS-DA score scatter plot (A) and PLS-DA loading scatter plot (B) for the ¹H NMR data collected in 1D NOESY spectra acquired at 600 MHz.

Data represent 14 hypercholesterolaemic (green circles) and 16 normocholesterolaemic (red circles) human sera.</p