ANALISIS MAKNA KONOTASI PADA PUISI SURAT CINTA KARYA WS RENDRA MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN SEMIOTIK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1). menganalisis puisi yang berjudul “Surat Cinta†karya WS Rendra secara semiotik, (2) mendeskripsikan hasil penelitian dari puisi yang berjudul “Surat Cinta†karya WS Rendra, dan (3) mendeskripsikan makna-makna dalam puisi tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif yang menceritakan dan menggambarkan isi dari puisi yang dianalisis. Puisi “Surat Cinta†karya WS Rendra dianalisis secara semiotik guna mencari makna dan tanda-tanda kebahasaanya sehingga makna yang tersembunyi dapat terungkapkan dengan jelas. Hasil penelitian analisis semiotik pada puisi “Surat Cintaâ€, dapat dilihat secara kontekstual bahwa tokoh aku sangat mengharapkan dan mencintai seorang wanita, bahkan ketika banyak rintangan yang menghadang ia tetap teguh pendiriannya untuk mencintai perempuan itu

Cultivation of Chlorella sp. in broiler chicken waste media and its metabolite profile by GC-MS analysis

Broiler Chicken Waste (LTAB) contained Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. LTAB can be used as an alternative medium for the cultivation of Chlorella sp. In this study, Chlorella sp. was cultured in LTAB at various concentrations (2,4,6,8, and 10%). Growth of Chlorella sp. was measured based on optical density values at a wavelength of 680 nm. Biomass was extracted using chloroform. The extract obtained was identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). LTAB 2% was the best medium for the growth of Chlorella sp. (amongst other concentrations). The highest growth rate was on the 10th day. Based on the results of KG-MS, chloroform extract of Chlorella sp. cultured on LTAB 2% contained oleic acid, methyl ester and gamma-sitosterol.Keywords: Chlorella sp, Medium, Waste, chromatographyABSTRAKKultivasi Chlorella sp. pada media limbah ayam broiler dan profil metabolitnya dengan analisis GC-MSLimbah Ternak Ayam Broiler (LTAB) mengandung Nitrogen, Fosfor dan Kalium. LTAB dapat dijadikan media alternatif untuk kultivasi Chlorella sp. Pada penelitian ini, Chlorella sp. dikultur pada LTAB pada berbagai konsentrasi  (2,4,6,8, dan 10%). Pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. diukur berdasarkan nilai optical density pada panjang gelombang 680 nm. Biomassa  diekstrak menggunakan  kloroform. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diidentifikasi meggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). LTAB 2% merupakan media terbaik untuk  pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. (diantara konsentrasi lainnya). Laju pertumbuhan tertinggi yaitu pada hari ke-10. Berdasarkan hasil KG-MS, ekstrak kloroform Chlorella sp. yang dikultur pada LTAB 2% mengandung senyawa asam oleat, metil ester dan gamma-sitosterol.Kata kunci: Chlorella sp., media, limbah, Kromatografi</jats:p

Cultivation of Chlorella sp. in broiler chicken waste media and its metabolite profile by GC-MS analysis

Broiler Chicken Waste (LTAB) contained Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. LTAB can be used as an alternative medium for the cultivation of Chlorella sp. In this study, Chlorella sp. was cultured in LTAB at various concentrations (2,4,6,8, and 10%). Growth of Chlorella sp. was measured based on optical density values at a wavelength of 680 nm. Biomass was extracted using chloroform. The extract obtained was identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). LTAB 2% was the best medium for the growth of Chlorella sp. (amongst other concentrations). The highest growth rate was on the 10th day. Based on the results of KG-MS, chloroform extract of Chlorella sp. cultured on LTAB 2% contained oleic acid, methyl ester and gamma-sitosterol.Keywords: Chlorella sp, Medium, Waste, chromatographyABSTRAKKultivasi Chlorella sp. pada media limbah ayam broiler dan profil metabolitnya dengan analisis GC-MSLimbah Ternak Ayam Broiler (LTAB) mengandung Nitrogen, Fosfor dan Kalium. LTAB dapat dijadikan media alternatif untuk kultivasi Chlorella sp. Pada penelitian ini, Chlorella sp. dikultur pada LTAB pada berbagai konsentrasi  (2,4,6,8, dan 10%). Pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. diukur berdasarkan nilai optical density pada panjang gelombang 680 nm. Biomassa  diekstrak menggunakan  kloroform. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diidentifikasi meggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). LTAB 2% merupakan media terbaik untuk  pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. (diantara konsentrasi lainnya). Laju pertumbuhan tertinggi yaitu pada hari ke-10. Berdasarkan hasil KG-MS, ekstrak kloroform Chlorella sp. yang dikultur pada LTAB 2% mengandung senyawa asam oleat, metil ester dan gamma-sitosterol.Kata kunci: Chlorella sp., media, limbah, Kromatograf

Short Communication: Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Chlorella sorokiniana cultured in tofu wastewater

Abstract. Mursandi H, Susanty D, Nurhayati L, Okasari AA. 2022. Short Communication: Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Chlorella sorokiniana cultured in tofu wastewater. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 155-159. Microalgae are microorganisms that grow quickly and produce secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity. Antioxidants of microalgae can be utilized in various aspects such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, supplements, and feed. Microalgae utilization will be more profitable if the microalgae can be cultured on waste media. This study aims to determine the concentration of a suitable medium for the growth of Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira &amp; R.W.Krauss, total flavonoids, total phenolics, and the potential of ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana as an antioxidant. This study cultured the microalgae C. sorokiniana on tofu liquid waste media at various concentrations (15, 20, 25, and 30%). The growth of C. sorokiniana on the media was observed using a spectrophotometer at 680 nm wavelength. C. sorokiniana biomass was collected on the 7th day. The biomass was extracted using ethanol as a solvent. Phytochemical analysis was performed using the standard method, Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were conducted to determine the IC50 value. The results showed that the best growth of C. sorokiniana was on TLW media at a concentration of 30%. The ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins. The total phenolic content in the ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana was 18.39 ± 0.29 mgGAE/g, and the total flavonoid content was 31.93 ± 5,60 mgQE/g. The IC50 of the ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana was 288.95 mg/L, which shows this extract has a potent antioxidant.</jats:p

Biodiesel from Avocado Seed Oil with CaO and CaO Super Basa Catalyst from Egg Shell Waste

One waste that can be used as raw material for biodiesel is avocado seeds. Generally, biodiesel from avocado seed oil is synthesized using a homogeneous base catalyst, NaOH or KOH. However, the yield of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) is still low, so it is necessary to make biodiesel using heterogeneous base catalysts such as calcium oxide (CaO) and super base CaO from eggshell waste. Avocado seed oil biodiesel was synthesized using the method of transesterification with a ratio of 1:6, and a super base CaO/CaO catalyst of 1.5% (w/w) of the weight of avocado seed oil was added. The use of the CaO catalyst produced a Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) of 98.21% with a biodiesel yield of 73.77%, while the use of a super base CaO catalyst produced a FAME of 98.47% with a biodiesel yield of 74.50%. Characterization of biodiesel using FTIR shows the presence of methyl, ether, alcohol, carbonyl, and ester functional groups (C=O and C-O bonds), which are characteristics of the resulting biodiesel trans-esterification. Based on the yield and physical and chemical properties, the avocado seed oil biodiesel produced is better using the super base CaO catalyst than the CaO catalyst