The study on gas phase dehydrogenation reactions of transition metal cation and ethylene

The reactivity of M+ (M = Os, Ir, Pt, Au) and ethylene is comparatively studied by the techniques of mass spectrometry in conjunction with theoretical calculations. Studies have shown that Os+, Ir+ and Pt+ can activate C–H bonds in ethylene to form OsC2H2+, IrC2H2+ and PtC2H2+ through dehydrogenation reaction, while Au+ cannot, which can be explained by the second HAT step. This is affected by the number of empty valence orbital of metals. In addition, for the activation capacity of Os+, Ir+, Pt+, the analysis of the free energy of rate-limiting step indicates the activation capacity is Os+ > Ir+ > Pt + . At the same time, the Os–C and C–C bonds of the first intermediate MC2H4+ are analysed, which shows that the stronger the interaction between M and the ligand C2H4 is, the shorter the C–C bond length in the ligand is, and the stronger the activation ability of the metal M may be.</p

Inhibition and cognitive flexibility are related to prediction of one’s own future preferences in young British and Chinese children

The ability to shift from current to future perspective is pivotal to future-oriented cognition. With two distinct cultural groups, UK (N = 92) and China (N = 90), we investigated 3 to 5-year-olds' understanding of preference changes occurring within themselves and their peers (another child). We administered a battery of representative tasks of executive function and theory of mind to examine their underlying relationships with children's ability to predict future preferences. British 3-year-olds outperformed Chinese children in predicting future preferences, while no country differences were observed between the 4- and 5-year-olds. Across the UK and China, children were more accurate when predicting for their peers than for themselves. They were also more accurate when their current preferences were identified first, i.e. before answering questions about the future. Chinese children outperformed their British counterparts on inhibition and cognitive flexibility tasks whereas there were no Eastern and Western differences in their theory of mind abilities. After controlling for age and children's knowledge of generic adult preferences, children's performance in the inhibition and cognitive flexibility tasks were significantly correlated with the prediction of their own future preferences, but they were not significantly correlated when predicting for a peer. These results are discussed in relation to the conflicts between multiple perspectives and the cognitive correlates of future-oriented cognition

Table_2_The cross-sectional relationship between vitamin C and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels: insights from NHANES database.DOCX

BackgroundAscorbic acid or vitamin C has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may impact markers of inflammation like C-reactive protein (CRP). However, studies specifically on vitamin C and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) have been scarce.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018 dataset including 5,380 U.S. adults aged ≥20 years. Multiple regression models examined the relationship between plasma vitamin C and serum hs-CRP while adjusting for potential confounders. Stratified analyses and curve fitting assessed effect modification and nonlinearity.ResultsAn inverse association was found between plasma vitamin C and serum hs-CRP overall (β = −0.025, 95% CI: −0.033 to −0.017, p ConclusionThe results showed a non-linear negative correlation between vitamin C levels and hs-CRP in adults. These results suggest vitamin C intake may reduce inflammation and cardiovascular risk, but only up to 53.1 μmol/L plasma vitamin C.</p

Marginal effects of heat on high or very high distress and on receiving treatment for depression or anxiety by humidity (vapour pressure) and their 99% confidential intervals, Logit model (Model 4), 53,144 adults aged over 45 from NSW, Australia.

<p>Marginal effects of heat on high or very high distress and on receiving treatment for depression or anxiety by humidity (vapour pressure) and their 99% confidential intervals, Logit model (Model 4), 53,144 adults aged over 45 from NSW, Australia.</p

Marginal effects of humidity on high or very high distress and on receiving treatment for depression or anxiety by temperature and their 99% confidential intervals, Logit model (Model 4), 53,144 adults aged over 45 from NSW, Australia.

<p>Marginal effects of humidity on high or very high distress and on receiving treatment for depression or anxiety by temperature and their 99% confidential intervals, Logit model (Model 4), 53,144 adults aged over 45 from NSW, Australia.</p

The Importance of Humidity in the Relationship between Heat and Population Mental Health: Evidence from Australia

<div><p>Despite many studies on the effects of heat on mental health, few studies have examined humidity. In order to investigate the relationship among heat, humidity and mental health, we matched data from the Social, Economic and Environmental Factors (SEEF) project with gridded daily temperature and water vapour pressure data from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Logit models were employed to describe the associations among heat (assessed using temperature, °C), humidity (assessed using vapour pressure, hPa) and two measures of mental health, (i) high or very high distress (assessed using K10 scores ≥ 22) and (ii) having been treated for depression or anxiety. We found a one-unit increase in temperature and vapour pressure was associated with an increase in the occurrence of high or very high distress by 0.2% (<i>p</i> < 0.001, 99% CI: 0.1–0.3%) and 0.1% (<i>p</i> < 0.001, 99% CI: 0.0–0.3%) respectively. However, when humidity rose to the 99^<i>th</i> percentile of the sample, the estimated marginal effect of heat was more than doubled (0.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 99% CI: 0.2–0.7%). Neither heat nor humidity was related to having been treated for depression or anxiety in the last month. Humidity compounds the negative association between hot weather and mental health and thus should be taken into account when reforming the health care system to respond to the challenge of climate change.</p></div

The quality and quantity condition test trials in Experiment 2.

The least preferred (LP) in location 1 would come within participants’ reach after 5 seconds, and location 2 with the most preferred (MP) reward after 15 seconds.</p

Rotating tray with two containers.

Rotating tray with two containers.</p

The associations between temperature (heat), vapour pressure (humidity) and mental health, Logit model for 53,144 adults aged over 45 from NSW, Australia.

<p>The associations between temperature (heat), vapour pressure (humidity) and mental health, Logit model for 53,144 adults aged over 45 from NSW, Australia.</p

Correlations and descriptive statistics for inhibition control and delay choice tasks.

Correlations and descriptive statistics for inhibition control and delay choice tasks.</p