Data_Sheet_1_Extensive Use of Habitat-Damaging Fishing Gears Inside Habitat-Protecting Marine Protected Areas.PDF

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are critical for halting marine biodiversity loss and safeguarding ecosystems. However, efforts to designate additional areas as MPAs have generally taken precedence over ensuring that designated sites are effectively protected. Serious concerns exist about marine “paper parks” in Europe, particularly in relation to the threat of fishing. We focussed on 1,945 MPAs in EU and UK waters that are designated to protect habitats, and assessed the extent of fishing inside them with gears that are known to directly threaten those same habitats. Such “high-risk” fishing was widespread, occurring within 510 MPAs that represented 86% of the area assessed, and was more prevalent in larger, offshore sites. More intense high-risk fishing inside reef and sandbank MPAs was associated with the poorer conservation status of those habitats in countries’ waters. Our findings indicate that without systematic restrictions on damaging fishing gears, MPAs are unlikely to help reverse the ongoing declines of European marine habitats.</p

Chapter 14 Continuous and campaign-style gravimetric investigations on Montserrat 2006 to 2009

<p>Gravimetric time series can provide vital clues about subsurface dynamics associated with active volcanism. Here, we report on continuous and campaign-style gravimetric observations on Montserrat between 2006 and 2009. More than 240 days of continuous gravimetric records enabled us to derive a first local joint solid Earth tides and ocean loading model for Montserrat, and we report the tidal harmonics for 14 major wave groups. Compared to global predictions, the new model (MTY11) achieves an up to one order of magnitude better precision over diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies. We anticipate that the model will help reduce the effects of tidal perturbations on other geodetic time series recorded on Montserrat. Abrupt variations in gravity accompanied Vulcanian explosions and probably reflect the response of a shallow aquifer to stress changes during pressurization and depressurization of the subvolcanic plumbing system. </p> <p>Campaign data enabled the quantification of mass variations during a cycle of activity including dome formation and repose. Both forward and inverse modelling of the spatio-temporal time series indicates that the source of the recorded gravity variations is situated beneath central Montserrat. Our favourite interpretation of the campaign data is that the gravity variations reflect volcano-tectonic interaction beneath the Centre Hills of Montserrat that are triggered by changes in the active magmatic system of Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV). We also discuss our findings on subsurface mass variations in relation to annual precipitation records and active dome formation. Both continuous and discrete gravimetric observations indicate coupling between the dominant magmatic sources responsible for the ongoing eruption at SHV and shallow-seated local sources such as aquifers and fluid-saturated fault-damage zones. Our investigations demonstrate the value of including gravimetric observations over a wide frequency range for volcanic system characterization in a volcanic island arc setting. </p

Additional file 1: of Is standardized care feasible in the emergency setting? A case matched analysis of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Institutional standardized care map for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DOCX 42 kb

Relation between epidemiological factors and the presence of joint EIM in UC/IBDU patients.

Relation between epidemiological factors and the presence of joint EIM in UC/IBDU patients.</p

Relation between epidemiological factors (gender, age, disease duration) and joint manifestations in CD patients.

Relation between epidemiological factors (gender, age, disease duration) and joint manifestations in CD patients.</p

Disease characteristics (disease location, disease activity), disease complications and other EIMs in relation to joint EIM in UC/IBDU patients.

Disease characteristics (disease location, disease activity), disease complications and other EIMs in relation to joint EIM in UC/IBDU patients.</p

Multivariate logistic regression results for CD patients.

Multivariate logistic regression results for CD patients.</p

Cumulative proportion of arthritis / arthralgia.

Cumulative proportion of arthritis / arthralgia.</p

Cumulative proportion of ankylosing spondylitis / sacroliitis.

Cumulative proportion of ankylosing spondylitis / sacroliitis.</p

Skin manifestations (pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, aphthous ulcers) in SIBDCS patients.

Skin manifestations (pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, aphthous ulcers) in SIBDCS patients.</p