Remonti_2015_OIK_Pine marten data

Data about the selected studies on pine martens diet, the percent estimated volume of the main food types in pine marten diets, and the macronutrient balance in pine marten diets

Romano_et_al

Data on begging behaviour of nestling barn swallow. See README.txt for details

Cloacal microbiota of barn swallows from Northern Italy

<p>Bird gut microbiota shows large variation among geographical populations of the same species – probably because, differently from mammals, gut microbiota of birds is largely affected by extrinsic factors such as diet and environmental conditions. We analysed the cloacal microbiota (CM) of 12 barn swallows (<i>Hirundo rustica</i>) from a colony in Northern Italy by high-throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The CMs, dominated by bacteria of the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, did not significantly differ between adult females, adult males and fledglings. This first description of barn swallow CM in Italy, together with two previous studies from Europe, suggests that CMs of geographically different barn swallow populations are dominated by bacteria belonging to the same phyla but different genera. The intra-colony similarity of the CMs may be due to the exposure of individuals to the same local environmental conditions while on their breeding grounds.</p

Representative chromatogram of volatile compounds emitted by the eggs.

<p>Numbers above peaks indicate volatile compounds significantly different between sexes before false discovery rate adjustment (1: pentadecane; 2: tetradecane; 3: (1R,3R,4S)-2,2,4-trimethyl bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-ol; 4: formamide; 5: 5-methyl-3-hexanol; 6: decanal; 7: formic acid; 8: 2-methylpropanoic acid; 9: 5-(dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoic acid; 10: 2-ethylhexanoic acid). Asterisk above peak indicates the volatile compound significantly different between sexes after false discovery rate adjustment.</p

Paired t-test of the difference in the concentration of volatile compounds between eggshell halves placed in nests in the cowshed and eggshells kept in the lab.

<p>Paired t-test of the difference in the concentration of volatile compounds between eggshell halves placed in nests in the cowshed and eggshells kept in the lab.</p

Mean (± SE) percentage on total volatile organic compounds (% on total VOCs) in the two sexes (male: dark grey; female: light grey).

<p>Volatile compounds are grouped according to their classes (a. ketones; b. hydrocarbons; c. terpenes; d. ammides; e. alcohols; f. aldehydes; g. free fatty acids). Asterisks indicate significant differences in the concentration of the volatile compounds between sexes. Double asterisks indicate that the volatile compound significantly differed between sexes after false discovery rate adjustment.</p

Sex allocation and maternal survival

Sex allocation and maternal surviva

Most prevalent gastro-intestinal helminths and arthropods (excluding mites) parasitizing grey squirrels in North America.

<p>Only parasites that were recorded by more than one author and with maximum prevalence >5% are reported. Studies with sample size <50 hosts were excluded.</p

Variation of <i>C. sciurorum</i> abundance by season (A) and host density (B).

<p>Mean abundance of <i>C. sciurorum</i> (sample size above standard error bars) varied during different seasons (p<0.0001) and at different host densities (p<0.0001). Squirrels trapped in spring were more infested than in autumn and winter (both sequential Bonferroni adjusted p<0.0001) and animals living in high-density sites were more infested then those living in medium- and low-density populations (both adjusted p<0.008).</p