The tasks of a nurse in care for a patient after breast augmentation surgery by the implant placement method

Introduction. Breast augmentation is an increasingly frequent surgical intervention performed in women. This medical procedure is performed in the operating theatre or treatment room under general anesthesia. The doctor makes an incision, creates a pocket in the breast tissue and places an implant. The cut is closed with surgical sutures. A breast augmentation procedure, like any surgical procedure, is associated with the risk of complications. A nurse as a member of a therapeutic team is obliged to provide the highest quality care, prevent complications and perform therapeutic, rehabilitative, educational, preventive and health promotion functions. Aim. The aim of the study is to determine the tasks of a nurse in caring for a patient after a breast augmentation procedure by the implant placement method. Methods and materials. The study was based on the case study method, the research techniques included an interview, nursing observation, measurement and a documentation analysis. The research tools used for the study included the Individual Nursing Care Card, the Visual Analogue Scale - VAS, risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting – the Apfel score. Findings. Nine nursing diagnoses based on the patient's health issues were made during the research process. Conclusions. The nursing problems of the patient after the breast augmentation procedure by the implant placement method result from the procedure itself and hospitalization

Nursing care for a patient diagnosed with eating disorders in the form of anorexia

Introduction: Nowadays, the problem of eating disorders is becoming more and more common in the society. It affects not only the youth but also adults. The canons of beauty presented by tabloids or advertisements become a benchmark of value for many people who, in pursuit of a perfect figure, are willing to make many sacrifices even at the expense of their own health and life. It is estimated that about 8 – 9% of the population is affected by eating disorders in the form of anorexia or bulimia. Mortality constitutes about 20% of diagnosed cases. A timely diagnosed disorder can be treated mainly with the help of appropriate therapeutic techniques, which allows symptoms to resolve in a significant number of patients. Aim: The aim of the study is to present the tasks of a nurse in care for a patient with diagnosed eating disorders in the form of anorexia. Methods and materials: The study was based on the individual case study method. The adopted research techniques were as follows: the interview, nursing observation, measurements and the analysis of the patient’s medical record documentation. The following research tools were used for the study: the Individual Nursing Care Card, the NRS for pain assessment, the MNA for nutrition status and the Beck Depression Inventory. Findings: During the research process, eight nursing diagnoses based on the patient's health issues were made. Conclusions: Nursing problems in the care of a patient diagnosed with eating disorders in the form of anorexia arise from the disease and the accompanying complications

Nursing care of a patient diagnosed with cholecystolithiasis, treated by laparoscopic surgery

Introduction. Cholecystolithiasis is one of the most common abdominal disorders. Asymptomatic cholecystolithiasis treatment is not undertaken, when clinical symptoms of the disease occur, it is usually treated by laparoscopic or classical cholecystectomy. Currently, a laparoscopic method is recognized as the most beneficial and safest method for removing bile deposits. Aim. The aim of the study is to show the nursing problems of a patient diagnosed with cholecystolithiasis, treated by laparoscopic surgery. Methods and materials. The study was based on the individual case study method, using research techniques such as observation, nursing interview, documentation analysis and measurement. The research tools used for the study are the Individual Nursing Care Card, the Visual Analogue Scale - VAS and the Apfel Score to assess the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Findings and conclusions: During the research process, 7 nursing diagnoses were made regarding health problems of the hospitalization period of a patient diagnosed with cholecystolithiasis, treated by a laparoscopic method. The patient after a surgery involving the removal of the gallbladder suffers from pain caused by tissue disruption, nausea, dizziness and anxiety manifested mainly in the evening, making it difficult for the patient to sleep soundly

Tasks of a nurse in the care of a patient with urolithiasis treated with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

Introduction. Contemporarily urolithiasis is a serious problem in nephrology. This disease is conditioned by many factors, including climatic, geographical, ethnic and genetic. The most important ones, however, include diet and the composition of urine excreted. Urolithiasis can be symptomatic and asymptomatic. There are many methods of its treatment. The most commonly used methods are pharmacological and surgical ones, and modern treatment methods are also on their increase. Untreated urolithiasis can lead to many complications. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the tasks of a nurse in the care of a patient with urolithiasis treated with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Methods and materials. The individual case method was used in the study, using the following research techniques: nursing interview, observation, measurement and documentation analysis. The research tools used for the study include the Individual Nursing Care Card, the Visual Analogue Scale - VAS, risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting- the Apfel score. Findings. Nine nursing diagnoses based on the patient's health issues were made during the study process. Conclusions. The nursing problems concerning the patient result from surgery and hospitalization

The features of liver lesions in children at the time of diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Observations from one medical center

Wstęp: W przebiegu nieswoistych zapaleń jelit stosunkowo często procesem chorobowym objęte są inne narządy, w tym wątroba.Cel pracy: Ocena częstości występowania biochemicznych cech uszkodzenia wątroby w momencie rozpoznania nieswoistego zapalenia jelit (NZJ) u dzieci.Materiał i metody: Analizą objęto 49 dzieci z NZJ w wieku 2–18 lat. U wszystkich chorych przeprowadzono badanie kliniczne oraz diagnostykę laboratoryjną [między innymi aktywność aminotransferazy alaninowej (ALT) i asparaginowej (AST), gammaglutamylotranspeptydazy (GGTP) i stężenie bilirubiny w surowicy krwi]. Rozpoznanie choroby podstawowej ustalono na podstawie badania endoskopowego przewodu pokarmowego oraz oceny histopatologicznej wycinków błony śluzowej jelita. Jako podstawowe kryterium uszkodzenia wątroby przyjęto wartości aktywności ALT powyżej 45 j./l.Wyniki: Podwyższoną aktywność ALT stwierdzono u 16 badanych dzieci (32%) z nieswoistymi zapaleniami jelit. Aktywność ALT mieściła się w granicach 45–157 j./l; średnio 75,8 ± 40 j./l.Wnioski: U pacjentów pediatrycznych z nieswoistymi zapaleniami jelit stosunkowo często, już w momencie rozpoznania, obserwuje się cechy uszkodzenia wątroby. U wszystkich chorych z nieswoistymi zapaleniami jelit należy monitorować parametry funkcji wątroby w celu wczesnego rozpoznania współistniejących powikłań hepatologicznych. Obserwacje poczynione w niniejszym badaniu mają jedynie charakter wstępny i zobowiązują do pogłębienia diagnostyki „hepatologicznej” w celu ustalenia szczegółowego rozpoznania i wdrożenia właściwego leczenia. Konieczne są dalsze badania obejmujące liczniejsze grupy dzieci chorych na nieswoiste zapalenia jelit.Introduction: Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) often develop complications involving other organs, including the liver.Aim of study: To assess the prevalence of elevated liver enzymes in children suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Material and methods: We analyzed a group of 49 patients with IBD from 2 to 18 years old. Each patient had physical examination done, medical history taken and laboratory tests performed [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma gluthamylotranspeptydase (GGTP), bilirubin]. The diagnosis of IBD was based on endoscopic and histopathological criteria.The liver damage was recognized when activity of ALT was above 45 U/l.Results: Increased liver enzymes activity was found in a group of 32% of patients with IBD. The activity of ALT ranged from 54 to 157 U/l.Conclusions: 1. In pediatric population with inflammatory bowel diseases the liver damage might be present at the very beginning of the IBD. 2. In all the patients with IBD liver enzymes activity ought to be monitored in order to recognize hepatic complications. 3. Observations of this study oblige to extend diagnostic procedures enabling accurate recognition and appropriate treatment

Cerebellar functional lateralization from the perspective of clinical neuropsychology

Objective: The cerebellar functional laterality, with its right hemisphere predominantly involved in verbal performance and the left one engaged in visuospatial processes, has strong empirical support. However, the clinical observation and single research results show that the damage to the right cerebellar hemisphere may cause extralinguistic and more global cognitive decline. The aim of our research was to assess the pattern of cognitive functioning, depending on the cerebellar lesion side, with particular emphasis on the damage to the right cerebellar hemisphere. Method: The study sample consisted of 31 patients with focal cerebellar lesions and 31 controls, free of organic brain damage. The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination ACE III and the Trail Making Test TMT were used to assess patients’ cognitive functioning. Results: Left-sided cerebellar lesion patients scored lower than controls in attention and visuospatial domain, but not in language, fluency, and memory functions. Participants with right-sided cerebellar lesion demonstrated a general deficit of cognitive functioning, with impairments not only in language and verbal fluency subscales but also in all ACE III domains, including memory, attention, and visuospatial functions. The TMT results proved that cerebellar damage is associated with executive function impairment, regardless of the lesion side. Conclusion: The cognitive profiles of patients with cerebellum lesions differ with regard to the lesion side. Left-sided cerebellar lesions are associated with selective visuospatial and attention impairments, whereas the right-sided ones may result in a more global cognitive decline, which is likely secondary to language deficiencies, associated with this lateral cerebellar injury