Additional file 1 of Preparation of turmeric powder with various extraction and drying methods

Additional file 1: Figure S1 TLC of turmeric powder according to the various extract and drying methods. STD: Standard; WSD: Water extract Spray Drying; 50ESD: 50% Ethanol extract Spray Drying; WFD: Water extract Freeze Drying; 50EFD: 50% Ethanol extract Freeze Drying; 70EFD: 70% Ethanol extract Freeze Drying; WSFD: Water extract Spray Freeze Drying; 50ESFD: 50% Ethanol extract Spray Freeze Drying; 70ESFD: 70% Ethanol extract Spray Freeze Drying. Figure S2 HPLC–UV chromatogram of curcuminoids (Curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin, Bisdemethoxycurcumin). Figure S3 Formation of flavonoid complex with AlCl3. Figure S4 Formation of curcumin complex with AlCl3. Figure S5 PCA of curcuminoids, antioxidant activity, TPC, TFC, and particle size. WSD: water extract spray drying; 50ESD: 50% ethanol extract spray drying; WFD: water extract freeze drying; 50EFD: 50% ethanol extract freeze drying; 70EFD: 70% ethanol extract freeze drying; WSFD: water extract spray-freeze drying; 50ESFD: 50% ethanol extract spray-freeze drying; 70ESFD: 70% ethanol extract spray-freeze drying

Abatement of Polychoro-1,3-butadienes in Aqueous Solution by Ozone, UV Photolysis, and Advanced Oxidation Processes (O₃/H₂O₂ and UV/H₂O₂)

The abatement of 9 polychloro-1,3-butadienes (CBDs) in aqueous solution by ozone, UV–C­(254 nm) photolysis, and the corresponding advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (i.e., O₃/H₂O₂ and UV/H₂O₂) was investigated. The following parameters were determined for 9 CBDs: second-order rate constants for the reactions of CBDs with ozone (<i>k</i>_O₃) (<0.1–7.9 × 10³ M^–1 s^–1) or with hydroxyl radicals (<i>k</i>_^•OH) (0.9 × 10⁹ – 6.5 × 10⁹ M^–1 s^–1), photon fluence-based rate constants (<i>k</i>′) (210–2730 m² einstein^–1), and quantum yields (Φ) (0.03–0.95 mol einstein^–1). During ozonation of CBDs in a natural groundwater, appreciable abatements (>50% at specific ozone doses of 0.5 gO₃/gDOC to ∼100% at ≥1.0 gO₃/gDOC) were achieved for tetra-CBDs followed by (<i>Z</i>)-1,1,2,3,4-penta-CBD and hexa-CBD. This is consistent with the magnitude of the determined <i>k</i>_O₃ and <i>k</i>_^•OH. The formation of bromate, a potentially carcinogenic ozonation byproduct, could be significantly reduced by addition of H₂O₂. For a typical UV disinfection dose (400 J/m²), various extents of phototransformations (10–90%) could be achieved. However, the efficient formation of photoisomers from CBDs with <i>E</i>/<i>Z</i> configuration must be taken into account because of their potential residual toxicity. Under UV–C­(254 nm) photolysis conditions, no significant effect of H₂O₂ addition on CBDs abatement was observed due to an efficient direct phototransformation of CBDs

Development of Prediction Models for the Reactivity of Organic Compounds with Ozone in Aqueous Solution by Quantum Chemical Calculations: The Role of Delocalized and Localized Molecular Orbitals

Second-order rate constants (<i>k</i>_O₃) for the reaction of ozone with micropollutants are essential parameters for the assessment of micropollutant elimination efficiency during ozonation in water and wastewater treatment. Prediction models for <i>k</i>_O3 were developed for aromatic compounds, olefins, and amines by quantum chemical molecular orbital calculations employing <i>ab initio</i> Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional theory (B3LYP) methods. The <i>k</i>_O₃ values for aromatic compounds correlated well with the energy of a delocalized molecular orbital first appearing on an aromatic ring (i.e., the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or HOMO<i>–n</i> (<i>n</i> ≥ 0) when the HOMO is not located on the aromatic ring); the number of compounds tested (<i>N</i>) was 112, and the correlation coefficient (<i>R</i>²) values were 0.82–1.00. The <i>k</i>_O₃ values for olefins and amines correlated well with the energy of a localized molecular orbital (i.e., the natural bond orbital (NBO)) energy of the carbon–carbon π bond of olefins (<i>N</i> = 45, <i>R</i>² values of 0.82–0.85) and the NBO energy of the nitrogen lone-pair electrons of amines (<i>N</i> = 59, <i>R</i>² values of 0.81–0.83), respectively. Considering the performance of the <i>k</i>_O₃ prediction model and the computational costs, the HF/6-31G method is recommended for all aromatic groups and olefins investigated herein, whereas the HF/MIDI!, HF/6-31G*, or HF/6-311++G** methods are recommended for amines. Based on their mean absolute errors, the above models could predict <i>k</i>_O₃ within a factor of 4, on average, relative to the experimentally determined values. Overall, good correlations were also observed (<i>R</i>² values of 0.77–0.96) between <i>k</i>_O₃ predictions by quantum molecular orbital descriptors in this study and by the Hammett (σ) and Taft (σ*) constants from previously developed quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models. Hence, the quantum molecular orbital descriptors are an alternative to σ and σ*-values in QSAR applications and can also be utilized to estimate unknown σ or σ*-values

Discrimination of Umami Tastants Using Floating Electrode-Based Bioelectronic Tongue Mimicking Insect Taste Systems

We report a floating electrode-based bioelectronic tongue mimicking insect taste systems for the detection and discrimination of umami substances. Here, carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with floating electrodes were hybridized with nanovesicles containing honeybee umami taste receptor, gustatory receptor 10 of <i>Apis mellifera</i> (AmGr10). This strategy enables us to discriminate between l-monosodium glutamate (MSG), best-known umami tastant, and non-umami substances with a high sensitivity and selectivity. It could also be utilized for the detection of MSG in liquid food such as chicken stock. Moreover, we demonstrated the synergism between MSG and disodium 5′-inosinate (IMP) for the umami taste using this platform. This floating electrode-based bioelectronic tongue mimicking insect taste systems can be a powerful platform for various applications such as food screening, and it also can provide valuable insights on insect taste systems

Organic Contaminant Abatement in Reclaimed Water by UV/H₂O₂ and a Combined Process Consisting of O₃/H₂O₂ Followed by UV/H₂O₂: Prediction of Abatement Efficiency, Energy Consumption, and Byproduct Formation

UV/H₂O₂ processes can be applied to improve the quality of effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants by attenuating trace organic contaminants (micropollutants). This study presents a kinetic model based on UV photolysis parameters, including UV absorption rate and quantum yield, and hydroxyl radical (·OH) oxidation parameters, including second-order rate constants for ·OH reactions and steady-state ·OH concentrations, that can be used to predict micropollutant abatement in wastewater. The UV/H₂O₂ kinetic model successfully predicted the abatement efficiencies of 16 target micropollutants in bench-scale UV and UV/H₂O₂ experiments in 10 secondary wastewater effluents. The model was then used to calculate the electric energies required to achieve specific levels of micropollutant abatement in several advanced wastewater treatment scenarios using various combinations of ozone, UV, and H₂O₂. UV/H₂O₂ is more energy-intensive than ozonation for abatement of most micropollutants. Nevertheless, UV/H₂O₂ is not limited by the formation of <i>N</i>-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and bromate whereas ozonation may produce significant concentrations of these oxidation byproducts, as observed in some of the tested wastewater effluents. The combined process of O₃/H₂O₂ followed by UV/H₂O₂, which may be warranted in some potable reuse applications, can achieve superior micropollutant abatement with reduced energy consumption compared to UV/H₂O₂ and reduced oxidation byproduct formation (i.e., NDMA and/or bromate) compared to conventional ozonation

Additional file 1 of PHLI-seq: constructing and visualizing cancer genomic maps in 3D by phenotype-based high-throughput laser-aided isolation and sequencing

Supplementary notes, supplementary figures, and supplementary tables. (DOCX 19232 kb

Exome Profile

Exome Analysis Results: Copy number variations inferred by absCN-seq, clonality analysis by sciClone, and somatic mutations by VarScan

Distant metastasis-free survival according to the tumor volumes.

<p>Comparison of the prognosis predicting accuracy of the spheroid tumor volume measurement (2a) and ellipsoid tumor measurement (2b) are shown. HR: hazard ratio estimated by univariate Cox regression analysis, TV: tumor volume.</p

Gene expression profiles associated with breast cancer’s spatial growth measured by SED (spheroid-ellipsoid discrepancy).

<p>The scatter plots for MMP13 and ADAMTS12 are shown in (a) and the correlation was stratified according to the hormonal receptor status (b). The results of the qRT-PCR against MMP13 and the SED are shown in Fig 5c. RQ: relative quantification.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curve according to tumor eccentricity.

<p>**: P<0.01, *:P<0.05, The p values are derived from the log-rank test compared to the SED High group. SED: spheroid-ellipsoid discrepancy.</p