Spontaneous Formations of Superlattices and Supracrystals from Various Forms of Mn₃O₄ Nanocrystals

In this work, we demonstrate a one-step approach for synthesis and construction of self-assembled superlattices (SLs) or supracrystals (SCs) using Mn₃O₄ nanocrystal building blocks. The Mn₃O₄ crystals have been prepared from simple starting chemicals; only oleylamine and manganese acetate are involved in the synthesis. Surprisingly, shape-controlled Mn₃O₄ nanocrystals (e.g., spheres, cubes, plates, or rice) have been obtained by just tuning precursor concentration, temperature, and reaction time. A process scheme has been devised as a guide for morphological control. Furthermore, due to surface modification with oleylamine molecules and the presence of strong interactive forces (such as dipole–dipole and van der Waals interactions) among the Mn₃O₄ nanocrystals, stringent requirements for formation of SLs and SCs have been relaxed in terms of shape uniformity and size monodispersity. The self-organization of nanocrystals is a fast spontaneous process requiring no additional postgrowth treatments. The projected domain size of SCs in the range of several tens to hundreds of square micrometers has been achieved in the solution phase. Apart from the metal oxides, we also extend this <i>synthesis-cum-assembly</i> route to metal sulfides. Our preliminary results on synthesis and self-assembly of ZnS nanocrystals are also presented

General Synthetic Approach to Heterostructured Nanocrystals Based on Noble Metals and I–VI, II–VI, and I–III–VI Metal Chalcogenides

Solid metal precursors (alloys or monometals) can serve both as a starting template and as a source material for chemical transformation to metal chalcogenides. Herein, we develop a simple solution-based strategy to obtain highly monodisperse noble-metal-based heterostructured nanocrystals from such precursor seeds. By utilizing chemical and structural inhomogeneity of these metal seeds, in this work, we have synthesized a total of five I–VI (Ag₂S, Ag₂Se, Ag₃AuS₂, Ag₃AuSe₂, and Cu₉S₅), three II–VI (CdS, CdSe, and CuSe), and four I–III–VI (AgInS₂, AgInSe₂, CuInS₂, and CuInSe₂) chalcogenides, together with their fifteen associated heterodimers (Au–Ag₂S, Au–Ag₂Se, Au–Ag₃AuS₂, Au–Ag₃AuSe₂, Au–AgInS₂, Au–AgInSe₂, Au–CdS, Au–CdSe, Ag–Ag₂S, Ag–AgInS₂, Au–Cu₉S₅, Au–CuInS₂, Au–CuSe, Au–CuInSe₂, and Pt–AgInS₂) to affirm the process generality. Briefly, by adding elemental sulfur or selenium to AuAg alloy seeds and tuning the reaction conditions, we can readily obtain phase-pure Au–Ag₂S, Au–Ag₂Se, Au–Ag₃AuS₂, and Au–Ag₃AuSe₂ heterostructures. Similarly, we can also fabricate Au–AgInS₂ and Au–AgInSe₂ heterostructures from the AuAg seeds by adding sulfur/selenium and indium precursors. Furthermore, by partial or full conversion of Ag seeds, we can prepare both single-phase Ag chalcogenide nanocrystals and Ag-based heterostructures. To demonstrate wide applicability of this strategy, we have also synthesized Au-based binary and ternary Cu chalcogenide (Au–Cu₉S₅, Au–CuSe, Au–CuInS₂, and Au–CuInSe₂) heterostructures from alloy seeds of AuCu and Pt chalcogenides (e.g., Pt–AgInS₂) from alloy seeds of PtAg. The structure and composition of the above products have been confirmed with X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy methods. A kinetic investigation of the formation mechanism of these heterostructures is brought forward using Au–AgInS₂ and Ag–CuInS₂ as model examples

sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848241234501 – Supplemental material for Splenectomy versus non-splenectomy for gastrointestinal bleeding from left-sided portal hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848241234501 for Splenectomy versus non-splenectomy for gastrointestinal bleeding from left-sided portal hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Minghui Liu, Ning Wei and Yuhu Song in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology</p

Transcriptomic analysis of human endometrial stromal cells during early embryo invasion

During early embryo invasion (48 h after embryo attachment), what functional changes accompany dynamic gene expression alterations in human endometrial stromal cells? In the present study, primary human endometrial stromal cells (phESCs) were cultured. After in vitro decidualization, primary human endometrial stromal cells (phESCs) were cultured with blastocysts for 48 h. During this process, blastocysts attached and invaded the phESCs (embryo-invaded primary human endometrial stromal cells, ehESCs). We performed comprehensive transcriptomic profiling of phESCs (two replicates) and ehESCs (five replicates) and analyzed the differentially expressed gene (DEGs) sets for gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. To analyse potential connectivity patterns between the transcripts in these DEG sets, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database. A total of 592 DEGs were identified between phESCs and ehESCs after embryo invasion. Primary human endometrial stromal cells underwent significant transcriptomic changes that occur in a stepwise fashion. Oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial organization, and P53 signalling pathways were significantly altered in phESCs after embryo invasion. EP300 may play a key role in regulating transcription via chromatin remodelling to facilitate the adaptive gene expression changes that occur during embryo invasion. Our data identify dynamic transcriptome changes that occur in endometrial stromal cells within 48 h after embryo invasion. The pathways that we found to be enriched in phESCs after embryo invasion (oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial organization, and P53 signalling) may represent novel mechanisms underlying embryo implantation, and may illuminate the reasons that some women experience reproductive failure.Key messagesHuman endometrial stromal cells have undergone changes in gene expression regulation and signalling pathways during the embryo invasion.Mitochondrial-oxidative phosphorylation changes in human stromal cells manifested as down-regulation of gene expression in the electron transport chain.TP53 signalling pathway and transcriptional regulator EP300 assist stromal cells to get adaptive changes during embryo invasion phase. Human endometrial stromal cells have undergone changes in gene expression regulation and signalling pathways during the embryo invasion. Mitochondrial-oxidative phosphorylation changes in human stromal cells manifested as down-regulation of gene expression in the electron transport chain. TP53 signalling pathway and transcriptional regulator EP300 assist stromal cells to get adaptive changes during embryo invasion phase.</p

Additional file 1 of Proton pump inhibitors use is associated with a higher prevalence of kidney stones: NHANES 2007–2018

Supplementary Material

Additional file 2: of Microbial community structure and the relationship with soil carbon and nitrogen in an original Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain, China

Correction between tPLFA and MBC. (PNG 13 kb

Additional file 1: of Microbial community structure and the relationship with soil carbon and nitrogen in an original Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain, China

Vegetation distribution of the sampling areas. (DOCX 19 kb

Interenzyme Substrate Diffusion for an Enzyme Cascade Organized on Spatially Addressable DNA Nanostructures

Spatially addressable DNA nanostructures facilitate the self-assembly of heterogeneous elements with precisely controlled patterns. Here we organized discrete glucose oxidase (GOx)/horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme pairs on specific DNA origami tiles with controlled interenzyme spacing and position. The distance between enzymes was systematically varied from 10 to 65 nm, and the corresponding activities were evaluated. The study revealed two different distance-dependent kinetic processes associated with the assembled enzyme pairs. Strongly enhanced activity was observed for those assemblies in which the enzymes were closely spaced, while the activity dropped dramatically for enzymes as little as 20 nm apart. Increasing the spacing further resulted in a much weaker distance dependence. Combined with diffusion modeling, the results suggest that Brownian diffusion of intermediates in solution governed the variations in activity for more distant enzyme pairs, while dimensionally limited diffusion of intermediates across connected protein surfaces contributed to the enhancement in activity for closely spaced GOx/HRP assemblies. To further test the role of limited dimensional diffusion along protein surfaces, a noncatalytic protein bridge was inserted between GOx and HRP to connect their hydration shells. This resulted in substantially enhanced activity of the enzyme pair

Effects of CysLT₁R antagonists on apoptosis in HCT-116 cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Representative flow cytometry panels display apoptosis of HCT-116 cells treated with ZM198,615 (ZM) or Montelukast (Mo) using Annexin V-PE and 7-AAD-staining. (<b>B</b>) The level of cleaved caspase 3 fragments (19 and 17 kDa) in HCT-116 cells treated with CysLT₁R antagonists as determined by Western blot analysis. Data shown are representative of three separate experiments.</p