Performance of continuously pumped, passively Q-switched, solid state lasers

This thesis studies the relationship between the pairs of resonator output coupling and intra-cavity absorber initial transmission, and the FWHM (full width at half maximum) pulse duration of a continuously pumped passively Q-switched solidstate laser, when the output energy is pre-determined. Depending on the magnitude of the pumping power, three different rate equation models are used to evaluate the required output coupler reflectivity and absorber initial-transmission pair for the corresponding FWHM pulse duration. The energy transfer kinetics of the passively Q-switched laser decides the required pumping power; and the pair of output coupler reflectivity absorber transmission pair, determine the build-up time of Q-switching and the repetition rate of the laser system. Hence, the forms of the models are controlled by two conditions: 1) the build-up time of Q-switching; and 2) the recovery time of the absorber. When the build-up time of Q-switching is relatively short, but the recovery time of the absorber is long, Model I is based on the simplified laser rate equations. It is used to evaluate the output coupler reflectivity and absorber initialtransmission pair, which satisfies the pre-determined output energy and FWHM pulse duration. Model II is set up to study the case when both the build-up time of Q-switching and the recovery time of the absorber are long. In Model II, the laser rate equations are solved using the Runge-Kutta method. Model III simulates the case when the recovery time of the absorber is short. To validate the models, the simulation results of practical passively Q-switched laser systems are compared with experimental results reported in the literature. The agreement of the simulation results with reported experimental results demonstrates the importance of the boundary conditions for the different cases, and verifies the soundness of the models. Generalizing the simulation results, obtained from different passively Q-switched laser systems with different pumping power and different pre-determined output energy, yields general conclusions which permit a designer to select the correct parameters for a desired laser performance

Statistics of gene functional annotation.

Statistics of gene functional annotation.</p

Simple sequence repeat types detected in the <i>R</i>. <i>roxburghii</i> sequences.

Simple sequence repeat types detected in the R. roxburghii sequences.</p

Data_Sheet_2_Influence of symbiotic bacteria on the susceptibility of Plagiodera versicolora to Beauveria bassiana infection.docx

The symbiotic bacterial microbiota of insects has been shown to play essential roles in processes related to physiology, metabolism, and innate immunity. In this study, the symbiotic microbiome of Plagiodera versicolora at different developmental stages was analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The result showed that symbiotic bacteria community in P. versicolora was primarily made up of Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Dependentiae. The bacterial composition among different age individuals were highly diverse, while 65 core genera were distributed in all samples which recommend core bacterial microbiome. The 8 species core bacteria were isolated from all samples, and all of them were classified as Pseudomonas sp. Among them, five species have been proven to promote the vegetable growth of Beauveria bassiana. Moreover, the virulence of B. bassiana against nonaxenic larvae exceeded B. bassiana against axenic larvae, and the introduction of the Pseudomonas sp. to axenic larvae augmented the virulence of fungi. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the symbiotic bacteria of P. versicolora are highly dissimilar, and Pseudomonas sp. core bacteria can promote host infection by entomopathogenic fungus. This result emphasizes the potential for harnessing these findings in the development of effective pest management strategies.</p

Statistics of gene information.

<p>Statistics of gene information.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Influence of symbiotic bacteria on the susceptibility of Plagiodera versicolora to Beauveria bassiana infection.xlsx

The symbiotic bacterial microbiota of insects has been shown to play essential roles in processes related to physiology, metabolism, and innate immunity. In this study, the symbiotic microbiome of Plagiodera versicolora at different developmental stages was analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The result showed that symbiotic bacteria community in P. versicolora was primarily made up of Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Dependentiae. The bacterial composition among different age individuals were highly diverse, while 65 core genera were distributed in all samples which recommend core bacterial microbiome. The 8 species core bacteria were isolated from all samples, and all of them were classified as Pseudomonas sp. Among them, five species have been proven to promote the vegetable growth of Beauveria bassiana. Moreover, the virulence of B. bassiana against nonaxenic larvae exceeded B. bassiana against axenic larvae, and the introduction of the Pseudomonas sp. to axenic larvae augmented the virulence of fungi. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the symbiotic bacteria of P. versicolora are highly dissimilar, and Pseudomonas sp. core bacteria can promote host infection by entomopathogenic fungus. This result emphasizes the potential for harnessing these findings in the development of effective pest management strategies.</p

The proposed AsA synthetic and recycling pathways in higher plants.

<p>The four pathway included GalUA (D-galacturonic acid) pathway, Gal (L-galactose) pathway, Gulose(L-gulose) pathway and MI (Myo-inositol) pathway which catalyzed by GUR (D-galacturonate reductase), GME (GDP–D–Mannose-3,5-epimerase), GGP (GDP-L-galactose guanyltransferase), GPP (L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase), GDH (L-galactone dehydrogenase), GLDH (L-Galactono-lactone dehydrogenase) and MIOX(myo-inositol oxygenase). The recycling pathways were catalyzed by APX (ascorbate peroxidase), AAO (ascorbate oxidase), MDAR (mono-dehydroascorbate reductase) and DHAR (dehydroascorbate reductase).</p

An Effective Method for the Discrimination of Motional Anisotropy and Chemical Exchange

Analysis of the ratio of transverse and longitudinal relaxation rates (R2/R1) is an approach commonly used for estimation of overall correlation time and identification of chemical exchange in biological macromolecules. However, this analysis fails to distinguish between chemical exchange and motional anisotropy. We describe a simple method for identifying chemical exchange and motional anisotropy using the product, R1R2. In the slow tumbling regime, the R1R2 product results in a constant value that is independent of overall correlation time and motional anisotropy. This analysis provides a simple method for rapidly estimating and dissociating the effects of motional anisotropy and chemical exchange in NMR heteronuclear spin relaxation data. We demonstrate the utility of the method with 15N relaxation data collected on the proteins E. coli ribonuclease H and the trimeric E. coli membrane associated lipoprotein lpp

K-mer (k = 17) analysis for estimating the genome size of <i>R</i>. <i>roxburghii</i>.

<p>The x-axis is depth (X); the y-axis is the proportion that represents the frequency at that depth divided by the total frequency of all depths. The genome size was estimated by using the formula: Genome size = K-mer num/Peak depth, and the heterozygosis rate causes a sub-peak at a position half of that of the main peak, whereas a certain repeat rate can cause a similar peak at the position of multiple integers of the main peak.</p

Statistics of the assembled genome sequences.

<p>Statistics of the assembled genome sequences.</p