Macrolactonization via Ti(IV)-Mediated Epoxy-Acid Coupling: A Total Synthesis of (−)-Dactylolide [and Zampanolide]

A total synthesis of dactylolide (1) is described. The key feature involves the Ti(IV)-mediated coupling of structurally complex “Sharpless epoxides” and carboxylic acids in either an intramolecular (macrolactonization) or an intermolecular mode. Other notable aspects include a proton-catalyzed, cis-selective construction of the 4-methylenetetrahydropyran ring; a selective oxidation of an allylic alcohol in the presence of a 1,2-diol by an oxoammonium ion; an efficient ring-closing metathesis reaction of an in situ (bis-TMS) protected α,ω-diene-vic-diol; and an aluminum-mediated aza-aldol reaction of a primary amide to 1 to construct the acyclic carbinolamide in zampanolide

Raw data from Transformation to ischemia tolerance of frog brain function corresponds with dynamic changes in mRNA co-expression across metabolic pathways

File contains the dataset generated in the study that led to the production of the figures presented

Additional file 1: of Costs of productivity loss due to occupational cancer in Canada: estimation using claims data from Workers’ Compensation Boards

Appendices. (PDF 587 kb

Additional file 2 of Hospital management practices in county-level hospitals in rural China and international comparison

Additional file 2. Process scores in each dimension

Additional file 3 of Hospital management practices in county-level hospitals in rural China and international comparison

Additional file 3. International comparisons on hospital overall and dimensional management scores (comparable)

Additional file 1 of Hospital management practices in county-level hospitals in rural China and international comparison

Additional file 1. Selection of county-level administrative divisions in Guizhou

Antioxidant Activity of a Proanthocyanidin-Rich Extract from Grape Seed in Whey Protein Isolate Stabilized Algae Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Algae oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with 0.2% whey protein isolate (WPI) at pH 3.0 and 7.0 were chosen to evaluate antioxidant activity of a proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seed. In this emulsion system, (+)-catechin and ascorbic acid (620 μM) were found to be prooxidative at pH 3.0 and ineffective at pH 7.0. Grape seed extract was not able to effectively inhibit both lipid hydroperoxides and propanal formation when added to the emulsion at 124 μM. However, increasing the concentration of the grape seed extract to 620 μM resulted in inhibition of both lipid hydroperoxide and propanal formation at pH 3.0 and 7.0. None of the antioxidants tested had any effect on the physical stability of the WPI-stabilized emulsion. The superior antioxidant activity of the grape seed extract is likely due to the presence of oligomeric procyanidins which are better antioxidants compared to their monomeric counterparts. Keywords: Proanthocyanidin; grape seed extract; whey protein isolate; algae oil; antioxidant; emulsion; ω-3 fatty acid

Additional file 1 of Clinical significance and oncogenic function of NR1H4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Additional file 1: Table S1. Indicated primers used in PCR experiments

Additional file 2 of Clinical significance and oncogenic function of NR1H4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Additional file 2: Table S2. Univariate and multivariate analyses for Clear Cell Renal Cell Cancer patients on overall survival in the TCGA

Additional file 3 of Clinical significance and oncogenic function of NR1H4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Additional file 3: Figure S1. The relationship between NR1H4 expression and immune cell infiltration levels in ccRCC. (A) The correlations between NR1H4 expression and immune infiltration levels of ccRCC by TISIDB database analysis. (B) The correlations between NR1H4 expression and macrophage infiltration levels by XCELL algorithm analysis