First Preparation of Enantiopure Indane Monomer, (<i>S</i>)-(−)- and (<i>R</i>)-(+)-2,3-dihydro-3- (4‘-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-5-ol, via a Unique Enantio- and Regioselective Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution

Compound 1, (2,3-dihydro-3- (4‘-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-5-ol), a highly valuable monomer was prepared for the first time into its two enantiomerically pure forms via enzyme catalyzed kinetic resolution of corresponding 1-diesters. Hydrolysis of 1-dipentanoate catalyzed by lipase from Chromobacterium viscosum (CVL) is highly regioselective (38:1) between two phenyl groups and highly enantioselective (E = 48) toward a remote quaternary chiral center (five bonds), yielding (S)-(−)-1-4‘-monopentanoate and unreacted (R)-(+)-1-dipentanoate in high yield and excellent ee. Unlike other hydrolase-catalyzed reactions, the CVL-catalyzed reaction does not proceed to sequential hydrolysis of (S)-(−)-1-4‘-monopentanoate to (S)-(−)-1, showing that the reaction is also highly chemical selective between 1-diester and 1-monoester. The structural preference of the reaction was clearly determined by 1H and COSY NMR. The absolute configuration of the nonreacted (R)-(+)-1-dipentanoate was determined consistently by circular dichroism and X-ray crystallography after being chemically transformed to (R)-(+)-1 and derivatives. Surprisingly, CVL favors the carbonyl group on the more substituted phenol, which has more steric hindrance, shorter bond length (1.39 Å compared to 1.41 Å on less substituted phenyl), and was believed to be the less favored group. In brief, in this reaction, the more substituted phenol group is preferred. (S)-enantiomer is preferred. 1-Diesters are substrates while corresponding 1-monoesters are not. The unique feature of CVL provides a simple access to enantiopure diol 1, corresponding 1-monoestesrs, 1-homodiesters, as well as 1-mixed diesters

supplement_PRISMA_checklist_ – Supplemental material for Vitamin C supplementation in the critically ill: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Supplemental material, supplement_PRISMA_checklist_ for Vitamin C supplementation in the critically ill: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Michael Zhang and David F Jativa in SAGE Open Medicine</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Novel synthetic analogues of avian β-defensin-12: the role of charge, hydrophobicity, and disulfide bridges in biological functions

Cytotoxicity of analogues AvBD-12A3 and AvBD-12/6. Effect of 256 μg/ml of AvBD-12A3, AvBD-12/6, AvBD-6 and AvBD-12 on the metabolic activity of MQ-NCSU, HD11, JAWSII and CHO-K1 cells after 4, 12, 24 and 48 hours of incubation. The results are expressed as the percentage of viability relative to the untreated control. The data are means ± SD (n = 3). Student t-test was performed to analyze differences between AvBD-treated and untreated cells. No significant difference was found. (TIFF 391 kb

Additional file 1: of Fast dimension reduction and integrative clustering of multi-omics data using low-rank approximation: application to cancer molecular classification

This file contains Supplementary Figures S1-S3. Figure S1. The curve of “explained variance” against the target rank r. Figure S2. The curve of silhouette value against cluster number. Figure S3. Heatmap of the molecular signatures associated with the identified clusters of the TCGA pan-cancer dataset. (DOCX 2330 kb

MOESM1 of Antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity of novel CAMPs against P. aeruginosa infection in a murine skin wound infection model

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Toxic effect of CAMPs on the body weight and physical activities of mice in the first toxicity study. Following administration of peptides, the body weight, physical activities, and hair coat were evaluated daily for 7 days. (A) Bodyweight and (B) visual inspection scores after treatment with 4 × MIC CAMP-A and CAMP-B in the first trial. (C) Bodyweight and visual inspection scores after treatment with 5× and 50× MIC CAMP-A in the second trial. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 6). No significant difference was observed among treatment groups at any given time point in either trial

MOESM2 of Antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity of novel CAMPs against P. aeruginosa infection in a murine skin wound infection model

Additional file 2: Figure S2. Effect of CAMPs on the body weight and visual inspection scores of mice treated with CAMPs at 2x MIC in the first efficacy trial. Four hours post-inoculation with 2.5 × 106 CFU of P. aeruginosa, 50 μl of CAMP-A, CAMP-B, polysporin, or 0.9% NaCl were applied to the wound of each mice in appropriate experimental groups. Two separate experiments were conducted for 3-day and 5-day durations due to large numbers of mice involved. (A) Bodyweight and (B) visual inspection scores of physical activities and coat smoothness in a 3-day duration. (C) Bodyweight and (D) visual inspection of the activity and coat smoothness in a 5-day duration. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 6)

Influence of age, sex and tissue type on the distribution of microbial taxa^*.

<p>*Data shown are total number of taxa found in the samples. P, p-value; M, Male; F, female. A, adult; J, juvenile; T, trachea; Cr, crop; Ce, cecum, Cl, cloacal. A p-value is not provided when it is greater than 0.05.</p

Tissue-specific species diversity of northern bobwhite cultivable bacterial microbiota.

<p>Data shown are the percentages of unique bacterial species (total number = 190) found in individual quail. Vast majority of bacterial species were unique to individual tissue samples.</p

Tissue-specific composition of quail microbiota^*.

<p>*Shown are the numbers (percentages) of bacterial species in each family. Bacterial isolates from 49 bobwhites were identified to species or genus level by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemistry.</p