13 research outputs found
Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria improve the phytoremediation efficiency of <i>Wedelia trilobata</i> for Cu-contaminated soil
<p>In a controlled experiment, we assessed the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (PSB) on the soil metal (Cu<sup>2+</sup>) phytoremediation by <i>Wedelia trilobata</i> and examined the effect of the interaction of Cu contamination and PSB on the growth of <i>W. trilobata</i>. We also explored the effect of the interaction of Cu contamination and PSB on the soil microflora. The results showed that the removal efficiency of Cu from soil by <i>W. trilobata</i> increased with an increase in the concentration of PSB, and the translocation factors of Cu (<i>i.e.</i>, leaf:root and stem:root) were both significantly upregulated by PSB. The PSB significantly promoted the growth of <i>W. trilobata</i>; however, the effect of the Cu–PSB interaction on the leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of <i>W. trilobata</i> was not significant, whereas copper contamination had a significant negative influence on the soil microflora, PSB had a significant positive influence on the soil microflora. Thus, PSB improved the phytoremediation efficiency of <i>W. trilobata</i> in Cu-contaminated soil because of the positive influence on the soil microflora, improving soil quality, which then increased the growth of <i>W. trilobata</i> in Cu-contaminated soil. The vigorous growth of <i>W. trlobata</i> led to higher of Cu absorption and translocation from soil as the ultimate result.</p
LncRNAs expression in the kidneys of low birth weight rats compared with controls.
<p>Comparison of the expression of lncRNAs in kidney between low birth weight (LBW) and control rats at postnatal day 1 (p1) and day 10 (p10) by quantitative real-time PCR. The level of lncRNA was calculated relative to GAPDH. The data are expressed as relative to the controls at p1. Values are means with SEM. <i>p</i> values for comparison of lncRNA level between LBW and control rats was calculated by the Student’s t-test (n = 7).</p
The relationship of differentially expressed lncRNAs with the mRNA expression of MAPK4.
<p>r = Pearson correlation coefficient</p><p>MAPK4, mitogen-activated protein kinase 4</p><p>The relationship of differentially expressed lncRNAs with the mRNA expression of MAPK4.</p
The most down/up-regulated lncRNAs in the kidneys of low birth weight rats compared with normal controls (microarray data).
<p>Clec2d, C-type lectin domain family 2, member D; Crygb, crystalline, gamma B; Dmd, dystrophin; Ercc8, excision repair cross-complementation group 8; Keg1, glycine-N-acyltransferase-like 2 (Glyatl2); Myl2, myosin, light chain 2; Phactr4, phosphatase and actin regulator 4; Pim3, Pim-3 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase; Slfn3, schlafen 3; NA, not applicable.</p><p><sup>a</sup>Values indicate the absolute fold-change between low birth weight rats compared with normal controls detected by microarray.</p><p><sup>b</sup>Nearest protein-coding gene identified by using UCSC Genome Browser at a distance of <10 kb.</p><p>The most down/up-regulated lncRNAs in the kidneys of low birth weight rats compared with normal controls (microarray data).</p
Real-Time PCR Primers for 5 lncRNAs and GAPDH.
<p>GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase</p><p>Real-Time PCR Primers for 5 lncRNAs and GAPDH.</p
Hierarchical clustering of lncRNAs differentially expressed in kidney between low birth weight and control rates.
<p>A hierarchical clustered heat map showing the log<sub>2</sub> transformed expression values for differentially expressed lncRNAs (absolute fold-change ≥2; <i>p</i> ≤0.05) between low birth weight rats (L) and normal controls (C). Three rats were analyzed for each group. The intensity of the color scheme is calibrated to the log<sub>2</sub> expression values, where red refers to high relative expression and green refers to low relative expression. The bar code represents the color scale of the log<sub>2</sub> values.</p
Body weight and glomerular number in low birth weight rats compared with controls.
<p><b>A:</b> Body weight in low birth weight (LBW) rats compared with normal controls at postnatal day 1 (p1) and 10 (p10). Values are means with SD. <b>B:</b> Comparison of glomerular number between LBW and control rats at p10. Each circle represents an individual rat and the horizontal and vertical lines indicate the means and SD. <i>p</i> Value between LBW and control rats was calculated by the Mann-Whitney U-test, n <i>=</i> 7 for each group. <b>C:</b> Scatter plot showing the distribution of glomerular number based on birth weight. The number of glomeruli was positively correlated with body weight at birth. r = Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The open circles represent the three rats randomly selected for microarray analysis from each group.</p
Comparison of lncRNA expression in different tissues.
<p>Comparison of the expression of lncRNA TCONS_00017119 in different tissues from low birth weight and control rats at postnatal day 10 by quantitative real-time PCR. The level of lncRNA was calculated relative to GAPDH. The data are expressed as relative to lncRNA level in the brain of normal control rats. Values are means with SEM. <i>p</i> Value was calculated by the Student’s t-test. Black bars, control rats (n = 5); open bars, low birth weight rats (n = 5). *p <0.05 vs. low birth weight rats, <sup>#</sup>p <0.05 vs. normal kidney.</p
Long Non-Coding RNA Expression Profile in the Kidneys of Male, Low Birth Weight Rats Exposed to Maternal Protein Restriction at Postnatal Day 1 and Day 10
<div><p>Background</p><p>Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are involved in a variety of biological functions and aberrantly expressed in many types of diseases, are required for postnatal development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the lncRNA profiles in low birth weight (LBW) rats with reduced nephron endowment induced by the restriction of maternal protein intake. LBW by reduced nephron endowment is a risk factor for hypertension and end-stage renal disease in adulthood.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Kidneys were obtained from LBW rats fed a low-protein diet throughout gestation and lactation as well as from normal control rats born from dams fed normal protein diets at postnatal day 1 (p1) and 10 (p10). The total number of glomeruli in the kidneys was counted at p10. LncRNA expression profiles were analyzed by sequencing and screening using the Agilent Rat lncRNA Array. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of these lncRNAs confirmed the identity of some genes.</p><p>Results</p><p>The total number of glomeruli per kidney at p10 was significantly lower in LBW rats than in controls. A total of 42 lncRNAs were identified to be significantly differentially expressed, with fold-changes ≥2.0, between the two groups. According to correlation analysis between the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs involved in kidney development, we randomly selected a number of lncRNAs for comparison analysis between LBW and control kidneys at the two time-points, p1 and p10, using qRT-PCR. Three lncRNAs (TCONS_00014139, TCONS_00014138, and TCONS_00017119), which were significantly correlated with the mRNA expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase 4, were aberrantly expressed in LBW rats, compared with controls, at both p1 and p10.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>LncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in the kidneys of LBW rats, compared with controls, during nephron development, which indicates that lncRNAs might be involved in impaired nephron endowment.</p></div
Correlation analysis of lncRNAs expression with glomerular number.
<p>The number of glomeruli was positively correlated with the relative expression of lncRNAs TCONS_0014139 (A: r = 0.88; <i>p</i> <0.001; n = 14) and TCONS_00014138 (B: r = 0.77; <i>p</i> = 0.001; n = 14), but negatively with lncRNA TCONS_00017119 (C: r = -0.80; <i>p</i> = 0.001; n = 14) in the kidneys at postnatal day 10 (p10). Black circles, control rats (n = 7); open circles, low birth weight rats (n = 7). The level of lncRNA was calculated relative to GAPDH. The data are expressed as relative to the controls at p10. r = Spearman’s correlation coefficient.</p