Factors associated with suicidal behavior in adult women victims of forced displacement in Bogota, Medellin, and Buenaventura in 2016

Introducción La conducta suicida comprende varias manifestaciones de violencia autoinfligida que se diferencian en la intencionalidad y el desenlace. Hacen parte de esta conducta: la ideación, la planeación, el intento y finalmente el suicidio. Diversos factores en diferentes niveles de análisis se encuentran asociados. Los intentos de suicidio previos son reconocidos como el factor de riesgo más significativo para el suicidio consumado. Existe una preocupación por el impacto que genera la conducta suicida para el individuo, su familia y la comunidad, así como para los sistemas de salud, llevando a cuestionar la causa que precipita su presencia y la efectividad de los métodos de prevención. Las estadísticas sobre el suicidio a nivel mundial permiten evidenciar que continúa siendo un evento lentamente progresivo y que existen poblaciones con mayores tasas de afectación, con una diversidad de factores involucrados. En Colombia, la violencia por el conflicto armado ha dejado secuelas relacionadas con condiciones adversas desde el punto de vista económico y social lo que genera una situación de vulnerabilidad. La población víctima de desplazamiento forzado, en particular las mujeres, presentan múltiples factores de riesgo para la conducta suicida que requieren ser identificados y atendidos de manera oportuna y prioritaria. Objetivo Determinar los factores sociodemográficos, trastornos mentales y hechos victimizantes asociados a la conducta suicida en mujeres víctimas de desplazamiento de Bogotá, Medellín y Buenaventura en el año 2016, con el fin de aportar evidencia para el desarrollo de estrategias en las redes de atención en salud. Métodos Estudio observacional, transversal, con fuente de información secundaria proveniente de la base de datos del estudio “Salud mental en víctimas de desplazamiento forzado por la violencia en Colombia. El caso de Bogotá, Medellín y Buenaventura”, de la Universidad CES. Se realizó un análisis inicial para cada una de las variables de interés mediante frecuencias, proporciones y razones para las variables cualitativas empleadas. Después se analizó la asociación de cada una de las variables con el evento de interés correspondiente a conducta suicida en el último año con el estadístico de Chi cuadrado. Finalmente se realizó un modelo matemático de regresión logística binaria para determinar las variables que explicaban la conducta suicida en la población de interés. Resultados: El modelo de regresión logística binaria reportó que la conducta suicida en Medellín se presenta con mayor fuerza, con una razón de prevalencia (RP) de 4,82 comparado con Buenaventura, también se pudo observar que el trastorno mental que sobresalió en el modelo fue la depresión mayor en el último año con una RP de 1,86 en relación con las mujeres sin este trastorno y el hecho victimizante que más influyó en el modelo fue ser víctima de delitos contra la libertad (RP de 2,76)Introduction: Suicidal behavior embraces several manifestations of self-directed violence that differ in the intentionality and the outcome. Ideation, planning, attempt and finally, suicide, are part of this behavior. Several factors at different levels of analysis are associated. Previous suicide attempts are recognized as the most significant risk factor for completed suicide. Currently there is a concern about the impact that suicidal behavior generates for the individual, the family and the community, as well as for health systems, leading to question the cause that precipitates its presence and the effectiveness of prevention methods. The statistics on suicide worldwide show that it continues to be a slowly progressive event and that there are populations with higher rates of affectation, with a variety of factors involved. In Colombia, the violence caused by the armed conflict has left consequences related to adverse conditions from the economic and social point of view, which generates a situation of vulnerability. The population victim of forced displacement, particularly women, present multiple risk factors for suicidal behavior that need to be identified and treated in a timely and priority manner. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic factors, mental disorders and victimization events that are associated with suicidal behavior in women victims of displacement from Bogotá, Medellín and Buenaventura in 2016, in order to provide evidence for the development of strategies in health care networks. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study, with a secondary source of information from the database of the study “Mental health in victims of forced displacement due to violence in Colombia. The case of Bogota, Medellin and Buenaventura”, from the Universidad CES. An initial analysis was carried out for each of the qualitative variables of interest used by means of frequencies, proportions, and reasons. Afterwards, the association of each of the variables with the event of interest corresponding to suicidal behavior in the last year was analyzed with the Chi-square statistic. Finally, a binary logistic regression model was constructed to identify the variables that explained suicidal behavior in the population of interest. Results: The binary logistic regression model reported that suicidal behavior in Medellin is stronger, with a prevalence ration (PR) of 4.82 compared to Buenaventura, it was also observed that the mental disorder that stood out in the model was the major depression in the last year with a PR of 1.86 in relation to women without this disorder and the victimizing fact that most influenced the model was being a victim of crimes against liberty (PR of 2.76)

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Factors associated with suicidal behavior in adult women victims of forced displacement in Bogota, Medellin, and Buenaventura in 2016

Introducción La conducta suicida comprende varias manifestaciones de violencia autoinfligida que se diferencian en la intencionalidad y el desenlace. Hacen parte de esta conducta: la ideación, la planeación, el intento y finalmente el suicidio. Diversos factores en diferentes niveles de análisis se encuentran asociados. Los intentos de suicidio previos son reconocidos como el factor de riesgo más significativo para el suicidio consumado. Existe una preocupación por el impacto que genera la conducta suicida para el individuo, su familia y la comunidad, así como para los sistemas de salud, llevando a cuestionar la causa que precipita su presencia y la efectividad de los métodos de prevención. Las estadísticas sobre el suicidio a nivel mundial permiten evidenciar que continúa siendo un evento lentamente progresivo y que existen poblaciones con mayores tasas de afectación, con una diversidad de factores involucrados. En Colombia, la violencia por el conflicto armado ha dejado secuelas relacionadas con condiciones adversas desde el punto de vista económico y social lo que genera una situación de vulnerabilidad. La población víctima de desplazamiento forzado, en particular las mujeres, presentan múltiples factores de riesgo para la conducta suicida que requieren ser identificados y atendidos de manera oportuna y prioritaria. Objetivo Determinar los factores sociodemográficos, trastornos mentales y hechos victimizantes asociados a la conducta suicida en mujeres víctimas de desplazamiento de Bogotá, Medellín y Buenaventura en el año 2016, con el fin de aportar evidencia para el desarrollo de estrategias en las redes de atención en salud. Métodos Estudio observacional, transversal, con fuente de información secundaria proveniente de la base de datos del estudio “Salud mental en víctimas de desplazamiento forzado por la violencia en Colombia. El caso de Bogotá, Medellín y Buenaventura”, de la Universidad CES. Se realizó un análisis inicial para cada una de las variables de interés mediante frecuencias, proporciones y razones para las variables cualitativas empleadas. Después se analizó la asociación de cada una de las variables con el evento de interés correspondiente a conducta suicida en el último año con el estadístico de Chi cuadrado. Finalmente se realizó un modelo matemático de regresión logística binaria para determinar las variables que explicaban la conducta suicida en la población de interés. Resultados: El modelo de regresión logística binaria reportó que la conducta suicida en Medellín se presenta con mayor fuerza, con una razón de prevalencia (RP) de 4,82 comparado con Buenaventura, también se pudo observar que el trastorno mental que sobresalió en el modelo fue la depresión mayor en el último año con una RP de 1,86 en relación con las mujeres sin este trastorno y el hecho victimizante que más influyó en el modelo fue ser víctima de delitos contra la libertad (RP de 2,76)Introduction: Suicidal behavior embraces several manifestations of self-directed violence that differ in the intentionality and the outcome. Ideation, planning, attempt and finally, suicide, are part of this behavior. Several factors at different levels of analysis are associated. Previous suicide attempts are recognized as the most significant risk factor for completed suicide. Currently there is a concern about the impact that suicidal behavior generates for the individual, the family and the community, as well as for health systems, leading to question the cause that precipitates its presence and the effectiveness of prevention methods. The statistics on suicide worldwide show that it continues to be a slowly progressive event and that there are populations with higher rates of affectation, with a variety of factors involved. In Colombia, the violence caused by the armed conflict has left consequences related to adverse conditions from the economic and social point of view, which generates a situation of vulnerability. The population victim of forced displacement, particularly women, present multiple risk factors for suicidal behavior that need to be identified and treated in a timely and priority manner. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic factors, mental disorders and victimization events that are associated with suicidal behavior in women victims of displacement from Bogotá, Medellín and Buenaventura in 2016, in order to provide evidence for the development of strategies in health care networks. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study, with a secondary source of information from the database of the study “Mental health in victims of forced displacement due to violence in Colombia. The case of Bogota, Medellin and Buenaventura”, from the Universidad CES. An initial analysis was carried out for each of the qualitative variables of interest used by means of frequencies, proportions, and reasons. Afterwards, the association of each of the variables with the event of interest corresponding to suicidal behavior in the last year was analyzed with the Chi-square statistic. Finally, a binary logistic regression model was constructed to identify the variables that explained suicidal behavior in the population of interest. Results: The binary logistic regression model reported that suicidal behavior in Medellin is stronger, with a prevalence ration (PR) of 4.82 compared to Buenaventura, it was also observed that the mental disorder that stood out in the model was the major depression in the last year with a PR of 1.86 in relation to women without this disorder and the victimizing fact that most influenced the model was being a victim of crimes against liberty (PR of 2.76)

Historia de abuso sexual y su relación con depresión, autoestima y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes de media vocacional del municipio de Caldas Antioquia, Colombia. 2007

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de abuso sexual en estudiantes de los grados décimo y undécimo del municipio de Caldas y su relación con depresión, autoestima y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta a 565 estudiantes de los grados décimo y undécimo del municipio de Caldas. Se solicitó información acerca de la composición familiar, procedencia, edad del menor al momento del abuso sexual, tipo y frecuencia de este, así como edad, género y relación del abusador con la víctima; también se indagaron datos que permitieron analizar depresión, autoestima y consumo de sustancia psicoactivas. Resultados: El promedio de edad al momento de la encuesta fue de 16 años (DE 2,54). El 12 % de los jóvenes indicó que fue víctima de abuso sexual infantil. El 76,5 % de las víctimas eran mujeres. La edad promedio al momento del abuso fue de 10,3 años (DE 3,52). La edad del agresor osciló entre 12 y 80 años, con promedio de 32,18 años (DE 13,36). En 92,6 % de los casos elabusador era hombre. Del total de los casos de abuso, en 48,5 % el agresor era de la familia del menor. Las caricias íntimas fueron el tipo de abuso más frecuente, específicamente cuando la víctima fue obligada a recibirlas (79,4 %), seguido de exhibicionismo cuando la víctima fue obligada a ver (45,6 %) y luego penetración vaginal o anal (35,8 %). El 52 % de los casos detectados de depresión fueron victimas de abuso sexual. El 21,1 % de los jóvenes con una mala autoestima fueron abusados en la infancia. El 23 % de los consumidores de marihuana, el 60 % de basuco, el 22 % de cocaína, el 24,3 % de inhalables, el 31,6 % de éxtasis y el 21,4 % de hongos fueron víctimas de abuso. Conclusiones: • El abuso sexual infantil es frecuente en el municipio de Caldas. • Las mujeres tienen mayor riesgo de ser abusadas que los hombres. • Los tipos de abuso predominantes incluyen contacto físico (caricias íntimas y penetración vaginal) lo cual configura una mayor severidad de la agresión. • En casi la mitad de los casos el agresor es un familiar. • Hay una relación estadísticamente significativa entre abuso sexual infantil y depresión. • Hay asociación entre abuso y consumo de sustancias estimulantes. SUMMARY Objective: To determine the prevalence of sexual abuse in students of grades 10th and 11th in the municipality of Caldas and its relation with depression, low self-esteem and consumption of psychoactive substances. Methodology: Cross section descriptive study. A Surrey was applied to 565 students of grades 10th and 11th of the municipality of Caldas. Information was requested about the family composition, where from, age of the youngsters at the moment of sexual abuse, type and frequency of it, as well as age, gender and relation of the abuser with the victim; data was also collected that allowed to analyze depression, low self-esteem and consumption of psychoactive drugs. Results: The average age at the moment of the Surrey was 16 years (DE 2,54). 12 % of the youngsters said that they were victims of child sexual abuse. 76,5 % of the victims were girls. The average age at the moment of abuse was 10,3 years (DE 3,52). The age of the agresor varies between 12 and 80 years old, with an average of 32,18 (DE 13,36). In 92,6 % of the cases the abuser was a man. Of the total cases of abuses 48,5 % of the aggressors were relatives of the youngsters. The intimate caresses were the most frequent type of abuse, specifically when the victim was forced to receive them (79,4 %). Second comes the exhibitionism when the victim was torced to see (45,6 %) and then vaginal or anal penetration (35,8 %). 52 % of the depression cases detected were victims of sexual abuse. 21,1 % of the youngsters with low self-esteem were abused in their childhood. 23 % of the marihuana smokers, 60 % of crack consumer, 22 % of cocaine consumer, 23,3 % of inhalants, 31,6 % of Ecstasies and 21,4 % of mushrooms were victims of abuse. Conclusions: • Child sexual abuse is common in the municipality of Caldas. • Women are in more risk of being abused than men. • The predominant types of abuse included physical contact (intimate caresses and vaginal penetration) which is the greatest seriousness of the aggression. In almost half of the cases the aggressor was a relative. • There is a significant stadistics relation between child abuse and depression. • There is also a association of abuse with the consumption of stimulating substances

Historia de abuso sexual y su relación con depresión, autoestima y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes de media vocacional del municipio de Caldas Antioquia, Colombia. 2007

Objective: To determine the prevalence of sexual abuse in students of grades 10th and 11th in the municipality of Caldas and its relation with depression, low self-esteem and consumption of psychoactive substances.Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de abuso sexual en estudiantes de los grados décimo y undécimo del municipio de Caldas y su relación con depresión, autoestima y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele