Supplemental Material - Using the Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis Framework to Evaluate a Policy Supporting Sexual Health and Intimacy in Long-Term Care, Assisted Living, Group Homes & Supported Housing

Supplemental Material for Using the Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis Framework to Evaluate a Policy Supporting Sexual Health and Intimacy in Long-Term Care, Assisted Living, Group Homes & Supported Housing by Kate McBride, Marie Carlson, and Bethan Everett in Journal of Applied Gerontology</p

Difference in ΔFEV(change in FEVcompared to baseline FEV) between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma after inhaling hypertonic saline solution (4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Systemic and local eosinophil inflammation during the birch pollen season in allergic patients with predominant rhinitis or asthma"</p><p>http://www.clinicalmolecularallergy.com/content/5/1/4</p><p>Clinical and molecular allergy : CMA 2007;5():4-4.</p><p>Published online 29 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2174506.</p><p></p>5%) at baseline

Blood eosinophil counts (A), Percentage of eosinophils in nasal lavage (B) and sputum ECP (C) increase during pollen season in both allergic rhinitis and patients with allergic asthma

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Systemic and local eosinophil inflammation during the birch pollen season in allergic patients with predominant rhinitis or asthma"</p><p>http://www.clinicalmolecularallergy.com/content/5/1/4</p><p>Clinical and molecular allergy : CMA 2007;5():4-4.</p><p>Published online 29 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2174506.</p><p></p

Prognostic significance of faecal eosinophil granule proteins in inflammatory bowel disease

Background: Non-invasive markers for predicting relapse would be a useful tool for the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Eosinophil granulocytes and their granule proteins eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) have previously been shown to reflect disease activity in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Aim: To examine the capacity of faecal ECP and EDN to predict relapse in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and to compare these proteins with faecal calprotectin. Methods: Patients with Crohn's disease (n = 49) and ulcerative colitis (n = 55) were followed prospectively until relapse or end of the two-year study period. Faecal samples were obtained every third month. The predictive value of ECP and EDN was assessed in Cox regression models. Results: In ulcerative colitis, a doubled EDN or ECP concentration was associated with a 31% and 27% increased risk of relapse, respectively. EDN levels were increased both at relapse and three months prior. By contrast, in Crohn's disease, the concentration of EDN was higher among patients in remission than in those who relapsed. Correlations between faecal calprotectin, ECP and EDN were observed in both diseases. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the risk of relapse in ulcerative colitis can be predicted by consecutively measuring faecal EDN every third month, and suggest EDN as a complementary faecal marker to calprotectin to predict future relapse in ulcerative colitis. Our finding of higher EDN in Crohn’s disease-patients staying in remission than in those who relapsed indicates different functions of the protein in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.</p

Tissue factor in ulcerative colitis, with and without concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) in patients with the severe disease primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) constitutes a distinct clinical phenotype (PSC-UC) with a high incidence of colorectal cancer. Today, PSC-UC diagnosis is built on clinical observations only. Tissue factor (TF) has a potential use in UC diagnostics, and also in colorectal cancer prognostication. Here we evaluate TF expression in an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohort, with special focus on differences between UC and PSC-UC patients. Materials and methods: Colonic biopsies from UC (n = 23), PSC (n = 24), and healthy controls (n = 11) were stained for TF by immunohistochemistry. Mononuclear cell contribution to TF expression was verified using flow cytometry. Results: TF was distributed at three distinct colonic locations: in subepithelial pericryptal sheath cells, in mononuclear cells, and in the intestinal stroma. In contrast to UC—where inflammation was accompanied with TF up-regulation—PSC-UC activity remained low during inflammation. Stromal TF positivity was found exclusively in ongoing inflammation. Conclusion: Our study provides additional support for a divergent pathogenesis in PSC-UC, with an inflammatory environment that differs from classical UC. Stromal TF emerges as a new marker of colonic inflammation.</p