Efficacy and safety of transdermal diclofenac patch versus intramuscular diclofenac injections in postoperative patients of inguinal hernia

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of diclofenac transdermal patch with intramuscular diclofenac injections in postoperative patients of inguinal hernia.Methods: Sixty male participants scheduled for surgery of inguinal hernia were equally randomized into two groups. A transdermal diclofenac patch 100 mg was applied to the participants in the study group 3 hours prior to surgery. In the control group, 2 doses of 75 mg diclofenac sodium injections were given intramuscularly, first dose 2 hours after the surgery and second dose after 12 hours. Pain was assessed postoperatively after an interval of every six hours for 24 hours using visual analogue scale (VAS) and verbal rating scale (VRS). Tramadol 50 mg slow intravenous injection was administered as rescue analgesic. Patients were withdrawn from the study when they asked for rescue analgesia, or when the VAS score was >5 and VRS >2. Data were analysed using unpaired student’s‘ t ’ test.Results: Both diclofenac patch and intramuscular injections produced effective analgesia. A gradual increase in pain score was observed for diclofenac patch as compared to intramuscular injections 18 hours after the surgery. Diclofenac patch was well tolerated without any significant side effects.Conclusions: Transdermal diclofenac patch can be considered as safe and effective method of pain management in postoperative patients of inguinal hernia. But diclofenac intramuscular injection provided better pain relief compared to diclofenac transdermal patch

A sero-epidemiological approach to explore transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans

The debilitating skin disease Buruli ulcer (BU) is caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans. While various hypotheses on potential reservoirs and vectors of M. ulcerans exist, the mode of transmission has remained unclear. Epidemiological studies have indicated that children below the age of four are less exposed to the pathogen and at lower risk of developing BU than older children. In the present study we compared the age at which children begin to develop antibody responses against M. ulcerans with the age pattern of responses to other pathogens transmitted by various mechanisms. A total of 1,352 sera from individuals living in the BU endemic Offin river valley of Ghana were included in the study. While first serological responses to the mosquito transmitted malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and to soil transmitted Strongyloides helminths emerged around the age of one and two years, sero-conversion for M. ulcerans and for the water transmitted trematode Schistosoma mansoni occurred at around four and five years, respectively. Our data suggest that exposure to M. ulcerans intensifies strongly at the age when children start to have more intense contact with the environment, outside the small movement range of young children. Further results from our serological investigations in the Offin river valley also indicate ongoing transmission of Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of yaws

Metalloproteinases as mediators of inflammation and the eyes: molecular genetic underpinnings governing ocular pathophysiology

There are many vision threatening diseases of the eye affecting millions of people worldwide. In this article, we are summarizing potential role of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); the Zn (2+)-dependent endoproteases in eye health along with pathogenesis of prominent ocular diseases such as macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma via understanding MMPs regulation in affected patients, interactions of MMPs with their substrate molecules, and key regulatory functions of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) towards maintaining overall homeostasis

Evaluation of Polyherbal Anticancer Tablets: A Review

Cancer is a malignant abnormal growth of cells, one of the most dreaded and complex diseases. It concerns with several tempo spatial changes in cell composition, which finally lead to neoplasia. Various types of cancers have been reported. Chemotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery may cure them. Herbal remedies are supposed to be harmless as they cause fewer complications and are less likely to habitual. Antioxidant compositions of therapeutic plants show the anticancer activity and therefore, use of different proportions of the active components to formulate various standardized preparation with single or multiple components for their synergistic effects play a crucial role in curing cancer. Evaluation parameters to assess the in vitro anticancer activity includes Caspase-3, Caspase-9, alamar blue, LDH assay, XTT assay, sulforhodamine-B assay, MTT assay, DNA fragmentation assay, neutral red uptake cytotoxic assay, tryphan blue assay. Evaluation of dried extract or granules includes bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, angle of repose while the tablets evaluated by drug-excipient compatibility study by FT-IR, stability studies, hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, disintegration time and dissolution test

Crystal structure of theMycobacterium tuberculosisphosphate binding protein PstS3

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Congenital Anterior Urethral Diverticulum in Children: A Case Report and Review

Congenital anterior urethral diverticulum (CAUD) is an uncommon condition in children. We describe 2 patients of CAUD who presented with ventral penile swelling; in one, the site of swelling was just proximal to corona which is quite rare. The diagnosis was made on USG and MCU. Both patients had normal renal function. Open diverticulectomy and primary repair was done in both patients

Hacia las intervenciones tecnológicas y sus implicancias sociales. Similitudes entre Chandigarh y Lima

This article presents the possibilities and social impact that technological interventions have in our cities. Common bases for these technological implications include, for example, the fields of IoT solutions, artificial intelligence, smart mobility and integrated waste management solutions. The common foundations of social impact are a powerful tool for the formation of intelligent communities, which can demonstrate equity and accessibility. Therefore, there is a need for spaces for community creators that can help others not only to keep up with technology and use it efficiently but also to connect them with new communities and adapt different solutions to various physical conditions.Este artículo expone las posibilidades y el impacto social que las intervenciones tecnológicas tienen en nuestras ciudades. Las bases comunes de estas implicancias tecnológicas comprenden los campos; por ejemplo, soluciones IoT, inteligencia artificial, movilidad inteligente y soluciones integradas de gestión de residuos. Los fundamentos comunes del impacto social son una herramienta poderosa para la formación de comunidades inteligentes, que pueden demostrar equidad y accesibilidad. Por lo tanto, existe la necesidadde espacios para los creadores de la comunidad que puedan ayudar a otros no solo a mantenerse al día con la tecnología y usarla de manera eficiente, sino también para conectarlos con nuevas comunidades y adaptar diferentes soluciones a diversas condiciones físicas

A newly identified interaction between IVa2 and pVIII proteins during porcine adenovirus type 3 infection

AbstractThe adenovirus IVa2 is an intermediate viral gene product that appears to perform multiple essential roles in viral infection. Using IVa2 as bait in the yeast two-hybrid system, we screened selected open reading frames (ORFs) of porcine adenovirus (PAdV)-3 for potential interaction with IVa2. Interestingly, pVIII showed specific interaction with IVa2. The yeast two-hybrid findings were validated by GST pull-down assays, in vitro binding studies employing cell-free coupled transcription–translation products and in vitro co-immunoprecipitations using protein-specific antibodies. Finally, we demonstrated that IVa2 specifically interacts with pVIII during PAdV-3 infection